Wikipedia card
Somalia Somalia Flag of the Federal Republic (The Somalia Democratic Republic, also translated as Somalia has been in the armed separatist warlords, the country disintegrated anarchy. located in the north-west Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland tend to integrate the central and southwest of the country are de facto independence of Somalia.
Chinese name: Federal Republic of Somalia < br> English name: The Somalia Democratic Republic
Abbreviations:
Somalia Capital: Mogadishu
major city: Hargeisa, Kismayo, Merca
National Day: 7, 1960 1st
Anthem: Somalia Awakening
country code: SOM
official languages: Somali, Arabic
Currency: Somali shilling
Time Zone: East Zone 3
population : 9,558,666 (2008)
Population density: 13 people / km
major ethnic: Somalia, Arab
major religions: Islam
land area: 637,657 square kilometers
water rates : 1.6%
GDP Total: $ 5,575,000,000 (2007)
per capita GDP: 600 dollars (2007)
international telephone code: 252
international domain abbreviations: so
Somalia map < br> flag
rectangular, length and width ratio of 3:2. The flag is light blue, the middle of a white five-pointed star. light blue is the color of the United Nations flag, managed by the United Nations in Somalia and independent those initiatives. pentacle symbol of African freedom and independence; five angles represent the original five regions of Somalia; Italy is Somalia (now Southern), British Somalia (now North), French Somalia (now Djibouti gained its independence), and now part of Kenya and Ethiopia.
logo emblem emblem Somalia
middle coat of arms, shields the surface of the Somali national flag. shield emblem top is a crown, a symbol of independence , one on each side of the Somali leopard, a symbol of dignity, courage, strength and power. shield emblem with two crossed spears and below the two pieces of palm leaves, also decorated with a ribbon.
capital, Mogadishu
( Mogadishu), population 70 million (2002 estimate). hot season average temperature of 26-32 ℃, cool season average temperature 23-28 ℃.
Head of State President Sheikh Sharif. Sheikh. Ahmad (English: Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Somali: Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed) 2009 年 1 31 in the elected president.
important festivals
Independence Day: June 26. National Day: July 1 ( establishment of the Republic of Somalia).
currency
Somali shilling Somali Shilling. SOS 1SOS = 100 cents (points)
country code
252
Overview
Somalia is located in the eastern Somalia, the African continent Peninsula, a coastline of 3,200 kilometers, southeast coastal plains, the Gulf of Aden coastal lowlands, inland plateau, the northern mountainous. most of the area is a tropical desert climate, the southwest to savannah climate, high temperature and dry throughout the year round, river scarce, the main rivers are the River Shabelle and Juba.
before the 17th century BC, established a spice known for producing the The popularity of .1840, the British invasion of the northern coast of .1887, the North became a British protectorate, known as the British Somali .1925, the South became the Italian colony of Somalia, said the intention is .1960 on June 26, in the northern region independent .1960 on July 1, independent of the southern region, with the Nichinan and northern part of the merger, the establishment of the Republic of Somalia in October .1969 renamed the Somali Democratic Republic, in February 1991 its current name.
livestock for the economy Lord, is the world's per capita one of the largest cattle. about 80% of the population to husbandry and farming and animal husbandry for a living. livestock and more sheep, cattle, camels largest country in the world. to nomadic or semi-nomadic way Lord. Cultivated land is mainly concentrated in the southern Juba and Shabelle River. crops are bananas, sugar cane, cotton, sorghum, corn and so on. specialties frankincense, myrrh and gum arabic. as the world's largest spice producers. industries are food, cigarettes , leather, textiles, sugar, building materials, canned fish and other enterprises. mining beryl, gypsum, uranium, mineral exploitation has yet to iron, manganese, niobium, lead, zinc, tin and so on. of total export value of livestock and their products 80%, the second largest banana exports, but also exports leather, frankincense, myrrh and fish and so on. imported oil, machinery, vehicles, food, daily necessities and so on. a person without a rail, land transport by road-based. < br> Geography
area of 630,000 square km (1985). located in the eastern part of Somalia, the African continent Peninsula. bounded by the Gulf of Aden, Somalia, the east near the Indian Ocean, west of Kenya and Ethiopia, Djibouti, the Northwest community. coastline of 3200 kilometers. the eastern coastal plains, coastal Duosha Qiu; the Gulf of Aden coast of the original lowland Jiban Ping; 500-1,500 meters above sea level in central Somalia plateau, from north to south and south-east descending; northern mountainous; southwest of steppe, semi-desert and desert. Su Lade Hill 2,400 meters above sea level, the highest peak. The main rivers are Shabelle and Juba rivers. most of the area is a tropical desert climate, southwestern tropical grassland climate, year-round hot, dry dry. annual rainfall from south to north from 500 -600 mm to 100 mm below the desert and semi-desert and savannah widespread. In addition to the south of Juba and Shabelle River, other rivers are intermittent streams.
population natural growth rate of 2.2%, must Most of the Somali people. National sub-Sama Lai and Sabu two clans. Sama Lai ethnic lines, accounting for more than 80% of the population is divided into Daluo De, Hawiye, Dir Isaac, and the four tribes . Sabu clans are divided into two tribes Diji Er and Rahanwein. The six sub-tribes are divided into dozens of tribes. The official language is Somali and Arabic, English and Italian. Islam is the state religion. < br> History
1700 years BC, the Horn of Africa that appeared to produce spices known, Indian Ocean to establish trade points and had several centuries to establish the Sultanate of .13 over the feudal empire. from 1840 onwards, Britain, Italy and France have colonialists invaded and carved up Somalia .1887 become a British protectorate in the north; 1885 Italy began to invade the central to the whole of 1925, southern Italy, reduced to .1941 of the British colonial control of the Somalia. World War II, the original UN resolution 1949, Italy invaded and occupied areas to pay the Italian custody. Britain, Italy has been forced in 1960 agreed to the British and Italian Somalia is the Somali Independence (June 26, 1960 Cable North independence, July 1st District, independence Sonam), in the same year the two merged on July 1 of the Somali Republic .1969 , Sok National Army commander Mohammed. Siad. Barre coup came to power, the establishment of the Somali Democratic Republic of the .1976 was established in July, president.
1991 年 1 月 Siad regime was overthrown, cable into a civil war, the coexistence of multiple regime In 1991 February, Ali. Mahdi. Mohammed set up a new government, the self-proclaimed President . Casin successor on May 1, government, with himself as , Abdullahi. northeastern Yusuf in cable set up the has been in the armed separatist warlords, the country disintegrated anarchy. domestic factions playing stop, through continuous differentiation mix, gradually, a Somaliland, Puntland, blue, and Aidid and other Rahanwein quarter of Mogadishu faction the pattern of the world. The international community has 12 mediation cable problem, no result.
2000, the domestic situation claims more calm, positive progress in the peace process .5 month, Djibouti hosted the cable of the cable as the main non-governmental forces national and Council (also known as Farm sworn .10 months, the transitional government set up cable. The new regime came to power, have been the resumption of capital order, disarm the militias, tribal reconciliation and a series of measures to purge the country, while actively attended including the United Nations Millennium Summit, including a variety international conferences, visit the neighboring and Arab countries, seeking recognition and assistance. but the main author of the new government in the country is not recognized by warlords, and by the boycott, its activities limited to the capital of a corner, unable to effective governance, but also inability to control the country. cable still on the state of warlordism. the international community to claim the sidelines more than the new regime, only a small part of the Arab countries to provide assistance. Meanwhile, in Ethiopia and other neighboring countries with the support of the local government building boom cable the development of the northern Somaliland, Puntland autonomous system is being completed, the central Hiran region self-government was established in December 20, southern Jubaland, Southwest State Government has also in preparation.
2001, the overall domestic situation claims calm. TNG relationship is still tense with the main factions, their control of the site is still limited to a corner of the capital, Mogadishu, in the internal affairs and diplomatic achievements are no more. Cable gradually integrate the various forces and anti-TNG TNG two groups: 2 months, TNG and faction in Mogadishu warlords to sign the settlement agreement Kenya Lei, smoking Nakenyalei into the interim government; March, the Somali National Alliance by the Aidid faction, Sony Ericsson State sports, Rahanwein Resistance Army, Southern Somali National Movement and the United Somali Congress / North Mogadishu faction sent a coalition of five anti-TNG Union argued that multi-party system and other provisions of the new constitution, marking the independence of Somaliland in the search for a step on the road and stepped into. Puntland, since the end of June should be the end of term of office of President Yusuf refused to step down before, and Puntland National Assembly elected by the new primary Xi Guma armed conflict, the state leadership struggle erupted.
The goal, on one hand claim preventive blockade to prevent the Government status.
the international community to continue to pay attention to and promote the peace process in Somalia. The United Nations Security Council repeatedly discussed the issue claim to support the East African territorial integrity and calls on countries to stop interfering in the internal affairs of claim, to urge the factions and the TNG TNG anti-dialogue, reconciliation and called on the TNG show the flexibility of .2 months, the Yemeni government submitted to the IGAD Council of Ministers Sok reconciliation plan .11 months and 12 months, Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi in Nairobi hosted two cable reconciliation and dialogue, seeking to reconcile the contradiction between the factions. but the main leaders refused participation SRRC, and will not bear fruit. SRRC refused to participate in the TNG-led the peace process, external mediation cable fatigue, deep deadlock in the peace process in Somalia.
2002, the domestic situation claims while maintaining the overall calm, and some of the major factions within factions compete for sites and rights around the struggle continues and the emergence of new combinations and power fluctuation differentiation. TNG in Mogadishu, controlled by local warlords, seized parts, has further weakened. SSRC factions continue to maintain joint situation. Somaliland, the situation remained stable, May 3 former President Yusuf and Puntland in the National Assembly elected new master Xi Guma armed conflict between the upper hand, and their supporters will be expelled from the Puntland Jia on August 30 and announced the formation of the new ; cabinet. concern and to promote peace process in Somalia. The United Nations Security Council repeatedly discussed the issue and claim a presidential statement, called on States to strictly abide by relevant UN Security Council arms embargo on the claim resolution reaffirming respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of the cable, cable called on countries to stop interfering in internal affairs The parties urged the anti-TNG dialogue with the TNG. The US-led counter-terrorism strategy Western countries need to increase because of global issues on the cable input, encouraging claims on neighboring countries and regional organizations concerned parties to exert influence on cable, no cable end through peace talks Government status, the eradication of terrorism on the soil .1, East Africa, a rope and will, the three countries for their mutual security interests and other considerations to compromise and coordinate their positions, increase efforts to promote peace factions claim. TNG was the main factions, including the refusal, lack of international recognition of external circumstances, forced to give up the Lower Dir 14 cable and will be on October 15 held in Eldoret, Kenya, in addition to almost all of Somaliland claims outside the political and military factions and civil society are represented in the meeting; 27, signed by the faction leaders meeting the second stage, the participating parties decided to set up six thematic committees: Committee on Federalism and the interim charter, demobilization, disarmament and resettlement committee, Committee on the Rights of land and property, economic recovery, institution building and resource mobilization committee, regional and International Relations Committee, They instructed the drafting meetings and conferences to the leaders of the proposals submitted. but Somaliland continues to refuse to attend and will also actively seek international recognition of its independence.
2004 年 2 23, meeting with representatives of all the Somali peace talks by claim AU, EU, IGAD countries and the world's other major countries are welcome. more than the president, a foreign hair to his message, .11 3 December, President Yusuf appointed Ali. Moha Ahmed. Gedi as Prime Minister of the Transitional Government and the cable composition of the Transitional Federal Government.
Constitution
transition current constitution charter for Somalia, in February 2004, the Somali peace talks by all deputies to take effect. the provisions of Islam is the state religion. unicameral, parliamentary return of all legislative power. regime for president republic, the president as head of state, held the real power. The Premier directs the work of the Committee of Ministers, the Committee of Ministers responsible to Parliament. transitional parliament will be of 5 years from the 275-member.
administrative divisions
country is divided into 18 states, under the 87 regional, district and village under the jurisdiction of the town. states as follows: Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Gedo, Lower Shabelle, Middle Shabelle, Benadir, Baidoa, Bake Er, Hiran, Jiaergudu Germany, Mudug, Nugal, Barry, Sanaag, Tuoge Dyer, Hargeisa, Ava Dale, sul.
Somali factions of political parties, tribes with a strong color, the School continue to divide portfolio reaches up to more than 30. At present the major parties are:
(1) the Somali National Movement (Somali National Movement): referred to as the pro-democracy movement, founded in London in 1981 and 1982, located in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia headquarters. comprise a majority of the Isaac family. Department of the North strongest, most influential power of armed factions after the fall of Siad In 1991, control of the north-west, the north declared Republic. February 1997 re-election on May 31 .2001, Somaliland held a referendum with independence by the provisions of the new constitution .7, Egal into conflict with the opposition because of Hargeisa was established in the Martini and 杜尔巴亨特 times weekly clan-based. Control Cable .1993 Northeast and central region split into two factions, one to save the array former Chairman of the Mohammed. Abu Hill. Moussa (Mohamed Abhsir Musse) led by those who know of any previous military leaders Abdullahi. .1998 July, led by Yusuf, Yusuf northeastern Somalia, the United Democratic Union and the United Somali Party and other small factions, the establishment of ; autonomous government, with himself as The General Assembly elected Jama. Ali. Jama as the second president of Puntland, Ahmed. Mahmoud. Gu Enlai as deputy chairman. Yusuf refused to recognize the election results, the two sides of armed conflict .2002 August, especially in the JIA and their supporters out and announced the formation of Puntland, the new ethnic composition of Rahanwein, Chairman and chief Mohamed. Nour. 夏尔古杜德 (Mohamed Nur Shatihudud) .1999 on December 9, in Bahia - Bake Er regime .2000 establishment of autonomous regions, Rahanwein Resistance Army participated in the Alta and the Council's Resistance Army General Cable de Transitional Parliament was elected, but has not been the main 席夏尔古杜德 for benefits, and will be withdrawn and the new regime on the support of .2002 3 31, Rahanwein Resistance Army (RRA) in Baidoa meeting decided to set up internal conflicts that occur with 夏尔古杜德, and summer and their supporters out of Baidoa.
(4) of the Somali National Alliance (Somali National Alliance): referred to as the RCD, established in 1992, comprise mainly In 1995 June the Hawiye clan split into the Ottoman. Hassan. Ali. Atto (Osman Hassan Ali Ato), led by the NLD / Atto camp and to Muhammad. Farah. Aidid led RCD / Aidid Aidid faction .1996 August after the death of his son Hussein. Mohammed. Aidid succeeded to the throne the year 1999, AI sent for supporting the liberation of Ethiopia's rebel Oromo Front and the Ethiopian conflict, was hit .2001, AI faction against the TNG and the other four factions formed the Movement): short love movement, established in 1989, mainly members of the Ogaden sub-clan affiliated Da Luode family, is a major force to overthrow the regime of Siad. control of the southern port of Kismayo and the surrounding area. Later, because faction split into two factions. faction to Ahmed. Omar. Jess (Ahmed Omar Jess) led one to become part of RCD, those who know the Ardennes. Abdallahi. Nour (Aden Abdillahi Nur) as Chairman, President Siad's son by former Vice-Presidents and military leaders Morgan (palm real power) the year 1999 in June, Jie Sipai together with the Aidid faction, seized Kismayo from Morgan. Morgan sent the main been eliminated.
(6) Somali Salvation Alliance (Somali Salvation Alliance): Back in 1993, referred to as the SSA was established early by the United Somali Congress Ali. Mahdi. Muhammad School and composed of 11 factions , mainly members of the Hawiye clan, Mahdi President. controlled north Mogadishu and surrounding areas in March .1998 alliance with the Aidid faction, jointly set up in Mogadishu, Benadir administration However, adverse business year 1999 in May, Moussa. Sudi (Musa Sude) seizure of power, control, rescue leagues, Mahdi retreat abroad. save the Union and the Aideed faction enemies instead.
important people < br> A Budi Kassem. salat. Hassan: Somali transitional government president .1941 years old, a subsidiary of the Hawiye clan Hubble - Di Jier times tribal people. graduated from Moscow University, Department of Biology, In 1973 from the successive Cable Industry Minister, Minister of Information and National Guidance, Sports Minister, Minister of Public Works, Culture and Higher Education Minister, Minister of State for Economic Affairs Office of the President in September as Siad .1990 Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior. .2000 exile after the outbreak of civil war on August 26 claims the transitional government was elected president, was sworn in August 27. friendship with China, had visited China in February 1978.
Hussein. Mohammed. Aidid: RCD / Ai School President, who claims self-proclaimed In 1987 the Civil Engineering degree in the United States and joined the U.S. Marine Corps, a reserve officer, the rank of sergeant in December of 1992 and the implementation of the U.S. military claim U.S. liaison officer with his father In 1995 6 joking self-styled President Aidid and self-government, back to August index succeeded his father In 1996, he served as (SRRC) after the establishment of the five co-chairs of Ai become one of SRRC. married, friendship with China. Dashiell. rials. Kashin: Somaliland tribe, had long served as Siad government secret police, was appointed in 1997 Somaliland one of the least developed countries. livestock-based economy, weak industrial base.
[1] the nationalization policy excesses, coupled with natural disasters and other factors, .80 years of severe economic difficulties, the World Bank and the International IMF support, the adjustment of economic policy, emphasizing the priority to the development of agriculture, the progressive introduction of economic liberalization, relaxation of trade restrictions to encourage foreign and private investment, removal of agricultural price controls, the implementation of shilling depreciation of the dollar auction, and other measures to tighten fiscal spending, In 1991 the economy was better, due to successive years of civil strife, industrial and agricultural production and infrastructure was severely damaged, total economic collapse.
GDP (1995): $ 1,563,000,000
per capita GDP (1991): $ 150
GDP growth (1990): -1.6%
Currency: Somali shilling (Somali shilling)
Somaliland shillings (Somaliland shilling) (in Somaliland region flow)
Exchange rate: 1 U.S. dollar = 21,000 Somali shillings (May 2002)
1 U.S. dollar = 6,800 Somaliland shillings (May 2002)
inflation rate (2002) : 20%
(Source: 2002 Economic Quarterly Review, etc.)
resources are iron, tin, manganese, tungsten, nickel, chromium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, uranium, quartz stone, green pillars and plaster. In addition, oil and gas. In addition to beryl and gypsum, the most deposits were not developed. rich fishery resources, forest coverage is 13%.
industrial output value of industrial gross domestic product 8.7% of GDP (1990). to small and medium enterprises based, the main industrial sectors are textiles, leather, sugar, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, food processing, oil refining, power and building materials industries during the chaotic years .1991 , industrial production stalled.
agricultural
country has 8.2 million hectares of arable land, accounting for 13% of land area. have been cultivated only 100 million hectares of agricultural output accounted for about .1990 of GDP to 20% agricultural population accounts for 30% of the total population. food insufficiency. The main crops are sorghum, maize, rice, beans, sesame, cotton, sugar cane and bananas. frankincense 600 tons, 200 tons of myrrh, each In 1995 half of world production output of 420,000 tons of grain (FAO estimates).
main crop production in recent years are as follows (unit: tons)
1999 2000 2001
sorghum, maize 143 210 210
62 100 100
rice and beans 14 15 15
222 22 23 23
sesame sugar cane 210 220 220
banana 50 55 55
(Source: Economic Quarterly Review of Somalia in 2002)
Livestock
major economic pillars, its output value accounts for about 40% of the gross domestic product. the main breeding cattle, sheep, camels (camel breeding lines than any other country the world in 1998, an estimated 5.7 million), etc., 2000 livestock products in total exports, exports accounted for 65%.
recent years, the number of livestock exported through Berbera port (head):
1999 年 September-December 2000 September-December 2001 September to December < br> Sheep and goats, 9556,772 69,508 8,485
Cattle 34,491 2,986 9,226
camels 17,212 2,005
fisheries
rich fishery resources. It is estimated that the annual catch of up to 18 tons, but due to fishing way behind, not sales volume restrictions and other factors, the current annual catch of only 2 million tons. Because there is no strong central government claims that foreign fishing vessels poaching in the territorial claim is serious. claim part of the factions to foreign fishing companies sale of fishing permits.
Transportation Transportation
backward, the territory of the main highway and no railroad.
Highway: 15,215 km total length of main roads, of which 2,880 km paved road, in addition to the territory of Somaliland part of the road, the most dilapidated. inland transport mainly by cars and camels.
Water: maritime transport accounts for an important position, a major port south of Mogadishu and Kismayo, the north Bopei pull and Bossaso. As the fighting when the South, the North Port is undertaking two major tasks .1997 sea, the EU funding of Berbera and Bossaso to a certain degree of modernization of the year 1999 in May, the EU plan sponsor 1,500,000 Berbera Port of dollars building.
air: There are 61 small and large airports, most of the poor condition of the runway without bedding. Mogadishu and Berbera international airport can accommodate large passenger .2001 reconstruction to the Somaliland thousands of fixed telephone and mobile phone ownership is 1.5.
Finance
Somaliland only to have a more sound administrative bodies, can carry out normal economic operation of the .2000, Somaliland budget revenue of 750 billion Somaliland shillings, or about $ 26,000,000. 85% of government revenue from tariffs Baipei Hong Kong. In 2000, Somalia in total debt was 25.6 billion U.S. dollars. In recent years, because of the war and the closure of the banks began to recover. now claim a larger The banks are: the Central Bank of Somaliland, Puntland Central Bank (established August 1999), Somalia Barakaat Bank (Mogadishu in 1996, opened .2001 branch of the United States and Europe were closed) and Somalia - Malaysia Commercial Bank (Mogadishu, opened in April 1997).
trade foreign trade occupies an important position in the economy, but year after year deficit. traditional export livestock commodities (the 20th century, 90 million head of annual exports of about 300-350), bananas, frankincense, myrrh and leather. mainly imported crude oil, machinery and spare parts, food, vehicles, building materials, pharmaceuticals and textiles. major trading partner for Saudi Arabia, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Djibouti, Kenya and other countries. which claims Saudi Arabia's largest export market in 2002, major trading partners, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (respectively accounting for 34% of total exports), Yemen (16%), Oman (8%), Djibouti and Kenya are imported cable ...
Thursday, December 30, 2010
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Hunters and hounds
A dog to a rabbit out of the nest, has been after him, chasing a long time still not caught. Collie see such a scenario, mock dog said, . words heard by hunters, hunters would like: dogs are right ah, I want to get more prey, was like a positive solution. As a result, hunters and bought a few dogs, who can be caught in hunting rabbits, can get a few bones, can not catch no food to eat. This move really useful for dogs who have to work hard chasing rabbits, because no one wants to see other people have bones to eat, not eating their own. if that was a period of time, the problem arose. big rabbit is very difficult to catch, good to catch a small rabbit. But the rewards are big rabbit caught and caught a small rabbit bones are similar to observed dogs are good at this trick, specifically to catch a small rabbit. slowly, we have found this trick. hunter hounds, said: Recently, the rabbit you catch getting smaller and smaller, why? hounds say: not much difference anyway, why charge so much enthusiasm to catch those big it?
three
hunters after reflection, decided not to share with whether the number of bone hook caught the rabbit, but with each over time to a dog caught a rabbit and Statistics total weight. by weight to evaluate the dogs, the treatment decision for some time .. so the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased. hunters very happy .. but after a period of time, hunters found the dogs were hunting rabbits number and less, and the more experienced dogs, hunting rabbits decreased the number of the more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. hounds said, with the passage of time will be old, when we catch a rabbit when you eat you will give us the bones? The number and weight caught the rabbit, provides that if a rabbit caught more than a certain number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can get a certain number of bones. dogs are very happy, we are all striving to achieve hunter The number provided. After some time, finally there are some dogs to the number of hunters required. At this time, including a hunting dog, said: We work so hard, only got a few bones, and we catch the game far more than the few bones. Why can not we give their hunting rabbits? grab his rabbit dogs. the situation getting worse, hunters forced to lure a stray dog, asked him in the end, where wild dogs stronger than dogs. dingo said: ah! In addition to the basic bones of each dog, the availability of its total rabbit hunting n%, and with the service longer, larger contribution, the ratio can be increased and the right to share the Hunter m% of total rabbit meat . In this way, dogs have to work together with the hunters, the dogs are forced to suffer a great deal, have strongly urge the return to dog team. the story continues.
six days one day at a past winter, the rabbit less and less , hunters harvest even a single day than one day. and those who service the old dogs have a long time too old to catch the rabbit, but still enjoying the carefree self-righteous that they deserve a large portion of food. Then one day the hunters can no longer bear them out the door, because hunters need more able-bodied dog .....< br> Seven
were forced out of the old dogs who had a lot of money in compensation, so they set up MicroBone company. the way they used to recruit Franchise wild dogs, wild dogs are taught to rabbit hunting skills, they extracted rabbit hunting was part of a management fee. When almost all the compensation for advertising, they finally had enough The wild dogs join us. the company began a profit. A year later, they acquired eight hunters belongings ...
MicroBone company promised to join the wild dogs can get n% stake in the company. This is too tempting . These talents are the dogs themselves as they all believe they have found the Concert: finally did the company's owner, and no longer dictated to by hunters endure unpleasant, no longer enough to catch rabbits and slaving away, Hunters do not have to helplessly beg for two more to play with the bones and was delicate and charming. All of these dogs, this is more than good enough to eat two bones. So dogs are a family and I joined the MicroBone, some of under the door of the young hunters hunting in the mouth also began to stir, many think he is wise or even practical stupid hunters also want to join. many of the same type as the springing up of companies was established, BoneEase, Bone.com, ChinaBone .... a time, lively up the forest. (to be continue d. ..)
nine
hunters took the money with the sale of the company walked the streets of the old dogs, the last lot of hard negotiating with the MicroBone time Surprisingly, the old smooth hound hunters agreed to sell the company to a hunter MicroBone. old dogs are no longer run the company and instead began to write the rotation, How to become a dog from a general management of hounds, four old dogs become well-known stars F4. royalty-free, no risk, more profitable.
Management Fable: The hunter and the dog (at the end of the different above)
managers often encounter some confusion: Why do people go all out as hard work as the boss? Why is it difficult to retain talents? Why the enthusiasm of staff difficult to sustain? The following story may be doubts for everyone.
like the boss, like how to make employees
work so hard and one day, the hunter with a hunting dog, to the forest to hunt, the hounds will be a rabbit out of the nest, after a long chase did not catch. then rabbit on a curve, do not know where to go go.
Shepherd met, dogs laugh, said: Because we aim to run two completely different, I just for a meal and run, but it is for life ah. I want to get more rabbit, you have to figure out a way to eliminate the So hunters hunting dogs held in the General Assembly, declared that: In each caught a rabbit hunting, you can get a bone of incentives, can not find the rabbit no.
this trick, really useful, dogs have caught the rabbit greatly increased the enthusiasm of a day, greatly increased the number of rabbits caught, because no one wants to see other people eat bones, they themselves are dry to see.
However, after some time, a new problem emerged: that dogs are hunters Although a lot of rabbits caught every day, but the rabbit's head are getting smaller. hunter puzzled, so he would ask the dog: br> hounds who said: What do you need to so great strength, and grab a large Rabbit do? linked to only a few rabbits, but with the weight of the hook caught the rabbit.
this move came out, the enthusiasm of the dogs once again rising, the number and weight of rabbits caught, far more than the past, hunters are happy.
how to maintain a highly motivated staff
unfortunately, did not last long. Over time, new problems have emerged: hunters found, the hounds were hunting rabbits in the gradual decline in enthusiasm, and more is the more experienced hounds down calendar harm.
is Editor's Note it? so hunters went to ask the hounds.
dogs are a hunter, said: to you, so our future old, grasping the rabbit fixed, you eat it will give us the bones? mechanism. provides that: Each dog caught a rabbit to a monthly amount of the provisions of the future, the excess part of the storage can be transformed into bone, the future old, and catch a rabbit, and to enjoy the store.
this decision after the announcement, the hounds are feeling ran high, caught a rabbit with unprecedented enthusiasm. hunters also extremely pleased to find everything from a worry-free.
how to retain good employees
this way, over a period of time, a pieces of something unexpected happened: the dog began to leave some good hunters, their hunting rabbits go.
the face of this situation, the beginning, the hunter thought it was the ideological and political work is not done. we held a series of consecutive move to stabilize the dog teams played a positive role, but good hunting dogs have not been effectively lost control of the situation.
some anxious hunters. he thought, is it not done enough reward? So, he will reward good hunting dogs standard doubling. admitted to the more obvious the effect of the loss of outstanding issues have been the dog temporary relief, but can not be radically curbed, over time, leaving the hunter, his hunting dog to catch rabbits, again more gradually up, and basically are the best.
smart instrument allows hunters worry, he baffled. desperation, he decided to leave the dogs whereabouts were directly consultation. He 10 bones of the cost of the five dogs go together, he is very excited and said to them: dogs are a hunter, said: In order to get a few more bones, more importantly, we have a dream, we hope that one day we can also like you to become the boss. to solve this problem then?
clever hunters after a long period of painstaking research, finally found the solution. So he set up a hunting Inc., introduced three new policies: first, the implementation of excellent in have shares. good hunting dog can be stored in the bones into the company's shares, and the contribution rate under a certain number of shares of each option award, dogs have the opportunity to make good fortune in the company; the second, the implementation of Sage's life. for three years 5 total confusion was rated as excellent hunting dogs, could become a lifelong dog and enjoy a range of attractive favorable treatment; third, the implementation of strong hatch. good hunting dog can be with the business growth, and gradually become the team manager, Business Director, general manager, chairman and realize the dream of the boss.
this trick is very effective. Since then, the company is not only good for hunters loyal dog, and elsewhere have attracted to join the excellent hunting dogs, hunters, the company has more and The more fire, and enduring.
summary
this story illustrates at least three important reasons:
First, a business, employee issues that often causes the system to blame the boss, so We have to study the mechanism, less blame staff, so that management will continue to improve, labor relations will be more harmony and peace; second, there is no incentive to be quite different, motivating science and unscientific a big difference;
Third, the demand for workers is growing, companies must meet the growing material and cultural workers need to effectively motivate talented people and retain talent for long.
three
hunters after reflection, decided not to share with whether the number of bone hook caught the rabbit, but with each over time to a dog caught a rabbit and Statistics total weight. by weight to evaluate the dogs, the treatment decision for some time .. so the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased. hunters very happy .. but after a period of time, hunters found the dogs were hunting rabbits number and less, and the more experienced dogs, hunting rabbits decreased the number of the more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. hounds said, with the passage of time will be old, when we catch a rabbit when you eat you will give us the bones? The number and weight caught the rabbit, provides that if a rabbit caught more than a certain number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can get a certain number of bones. dogs are very happy, we are all striving to achieve hunter The number provided. After some time, finally there are some dogs to the number of hunters required. At this time, including a hunting dog, said: We work so hard, only got a few bones, and we catch the game far more than the few bones. Why can not we give their hunting rabbits? grab his rabbit dogs. the situation getting worse, hunters forced to lure a stray dog, asked him in the end, where wild dogs stronger than dogs. dingo said: ah! In addition to the basic bones of each dog, the availability of its total rabbit hunting n%, and with the service longer, larger contribution, the ratio can be increased and the right to share the Hunter m% of total rabbit meat . In this way, dogs have to work together with the hunters, the dogs are forced to suffer a great deal, have strongly urge the return to dog team. the story continues.
six days one day at a past winter, the rabbit less and less , hunters harvest even a single day than one day. and those who service the old dogs have a long time too old to catch the rabbit, but still enjoying the carefree self-righteous that they deserve a large portion of food. Then one day the hunters can no longer bear them out the door, because hunters need more able-bodied dog .....< br> Seven
were forced out of the old dogs who had a lot of money in compensation, so they set up MicroBone company. the way they used to recruit Franchise wild dogs, wild dogs are taught to rabbit hunting skills, they extracted rabbit hunting was part of a management fee. When almost all the compensation for advertising, they finally had enough The wild dogs join us. the company began a profit. A year later, they acquired eight hunters belongings ...
MicroBone company promised to join the wild dogs can get n% stake in the company. This is too tempting . These talents are the dogs themselves as they all believe they have found the Concert: finally did the company's owner, and no longer dictated to by hunters endure unpleasant, no longer enough to catch rabbits and slaving away, Hunters do not have to helplessly beg for two more to play with the bones and was delicate and charming. All of these dogs, this is more than good enough to eat two bones. So dogs are a family and I joined the MicroBone, some of under the door of the young hunters hunting in the mouth also began to stir, many think he is wise or even practical stupid hunters also want to join. many of the same type as the springing up of companies was established, BoneEase, Bone.com, ChinaBone .... a time, lively up the forest. (to be continue d. ..)
nine
hunters took the money with the sale of the company walked the streets of the old dogs, the last lot of hard negotiating with the MicroBone time Surprisingly, the old smooth hound hunters agreed to sell the company to a hunter MicroBone. old dogs are no longer run the company and instead began to write the rotation, How to become a dog from a general management of hounds, four old dogs become well-known stars F4. royalty-free, no risk, more profitable.
Management Fable: The hunter and the dog (at the end of the different above)
managers often encounter some confusion: Why do people go all out as hard work as the boss? Why is it difficult to retain talents? Why the enthusiasm of staff difficult to sustain? The following story may be doubts for everyone.
like the boss, like how to make employees
work so hard and one day, the hunter with a hunting dog, to the forest to hunt, the hounds will be a rabbit out of the nest, after a long chase did not catch. then rabbit on a curve, do not know where to go go.
Shepherd met, dogs laugh, said: Because we aim to run two completely different, I just for a meal and run, but it is for life ah. I want to get more rabbit, you have to figure out a way to eliminate the So hunters hunting dogs held in the General Assembly, declared that: In each caught a rabbit hunting, you can get a bone of incentives, can not find the rabbit no.
this trick, really useful, dogs have caught the rabbit greatly increased the enthusiasm of a day, greatly increased the number of rabbits caught, because no one wants to see other people eat bones, they themselves are dry to see.
However, after some time, a new problem emerged: that dogs are hunters Although a lot of rabbits caught every day, but the rabbit's head are getting smaller. hunter puzzled, so he would ask the dog: br> hounds who said: What do you need to so great strength, and grab a large Rabbit do? linked to only a few rabbits, but with the weight of the hook caught the rabbit.
this move came out, the enthusiasm of the dogs once again rising, the number and weight of rabbits caught, far more than the past, hunters are happy.
how to maintain a highly motivated staff
unfortunately, did not last long. Over time, new problems have emerged: hunters found, the hounds were hunting rabbits in the gradual decline in enthusiasm, and more is the more experienced hounds down calendar harm.
is Editor's Note it? so hunters went to ask the hounds.
dogs are a hunter, said: to you, so our future old, grasping the rabbit fixed, you eat it will give us the bones? mechanism. provides that: Each dog caught a rabbit to a monthly amount of the provisions of the future, the excess part of the storage can be transformed into bone, the future old, and catch a rabbit, and to enjoy the store.
this decision after the announcement, the hounds are feeling ran high, caught a rabbit with unprecedented enthusiasm. hunters also extremely pleased to find everything from a worry-free.
how to retain good employees
this way, over a period of time, a pieces of something unexpected happened: the dog began to leave some good hunters, their hunting rabbits go.
the face of this situation, the beginning, the hunter thought it was the ideological and political work is not done. we held a series of consecutive move to stabilize the dog teams played a positive role, but good hunting dogs have not been effectively lost control of the situation.
some anxious hunters. he thought, is it not done enough reward? So, he will reward good hunting dogs standard doubling. admitted to the more obvious the effect of the loss of outstanding issues have been the dog temporary relief, but can not be radically curbed, over time, leaving the hunter, his hunting dog to catch rabbits, again more gradually up, and basically are the best.
smart instrument allows hunters worry, he baffled. desperation, he decided to leave the dogs whereabouts were directly consultation. He 10 bones of the cost of the five dogs go together, he is very excited and said to them: dogs are a hunter, said: In order to get a few more bones, more importantly, we have a dream, we hope that one day we can also like you to become the boss. to solve this problem then?
clever hunters after a long period of painstaking research, finally found the solution. So he set up a hunting Inc., introduced three new policies: first, the implementation of excellent in have shares. good hunting dog can be stored in the bones into the company's shares, and the contribution rate under a certain number of shares of each option award, dogs have the opportunity to make good fortune in the company; the second, the implementation of Sage's life. for three years 5 total confusion was rated as excellent hunting dogs, could become a lifelong dog and enjoy a range of attractive favorable treatment; third, the implementation of strong hatch. good hunting dog can be with the business growth, and gradually become the team manager, Business Director, general manager, chairman and realize the dream of the boss.
this trick is very effective. Since then, the company is not only good for hunters loyal dog, and elsewhere have attracted to join the excellent hunting dogs, hunters, the company has more and The more fire, and enduring.
summary
this story illustrates at least three important reasons:
First, a business, employee issues that often causes the system to blame the boss, so We have to study the mechanism, less blame staff, so that management will continue to improve, labor relations will be more harmony and peace; second, there is no incentive to be quite different, motivating science and unscientific a big difference;
Third, the demand for workers is growing, companies must meet the growing material and cultural workers need to effectively motivate talented people and retain talent for long.
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Vonnie action of the second day of the expedition in Gansu
After a day of rest, this morning, we officially set off PEPC team Rights!
First item is that if Li Jingyuan County, Township, Village, Sun Microsystems, due to successive years of drought, making it dependent on the weather crops in remote villages is almost crops, people living a hard life.
This is what we learned before departure information.
hardship, real life described by the state.
remote a remote countryside in the end
can have partial? determinant one is the actual distance, one is traffic. 120 kilometers from Tianjin to Beijing, half an hour. from the county to rise Yang village, 70 km, nearly four hours of mountain. We start the morning at 8:30 from Jingyuan County, all the way along the bumpy mountain loess, the time 10:40 was excited to see a village, but the distance Cao Village, Sun Village There are more than an hour's drive. and in this more than an hour, sitting back almost always keep the comrades side or the mountain villages scattered in the mountains, many of the older village life had this not out of the mountain)
(Dangling in our cars photographed with our (street without any masking material, a slip to turn to mountain may have a direct bottom) ~. at the moment is under just this year, after a rain, dry, road conditions the best of times, if the drought, no rain, the road to plot foot thick soil, it will drive all the way to the one click, clods will fall off at full blast when it rained, the situation can be imagined.)
(The good news is, the county government but also to improve local roads as a major event in the lives of residents, the county through to the asphalt road is being built in various villages, is expected to be completed next year.)
Drought
last five or six years, severe drought occurred in successive years Jingyuan County, along the way can see the deserted land, but also moved to other places to see the villagers left behind an empty house.
(where there have been others.)
the adverse environment can not support themselves forced to emigrate to other towns and villages, or to urban workers, the only loss of the original land and homes, and no technical villagers, they do not know the background away from home, better life now What?
should measures: construction of water cisterns (20m3 per household to build three water cellar for people drinking water and irrigation) and the CAO if the water diversion project (mentioned in the Yellow River to the foot of the mountain villages of water shortage). that if the drinking water projects Cao, County workers CAST Liu Xinhua, a special thanks to reporter, the reporter is in the process of collecting folk songs accidentally discovered that if Li Township, there are still people drinking water problems, he's a text and photo coverage, causing the central attached great importance to allocate 16 million earmarked immediately built a CAO if the water diversion project, to solve the mountain of people drinking water and arable land big problem.
(Sun Village, Cao uncle showed us in the cellar of his house. As out some of the villagers remain in the village Cao uncle now has five home cellars. but Cao home sons and uncle are also migrant workers, had seven people in the house, he now only one left behind.)
harvest income
Cao uncle home in Sun Village, corn and potato (potato) is carried out by Oxfam to help the villagers the main crops of ecological poverty alleviation projects to promote the film technology of the corn harvest is good, to achieve Near jin per mu, generally 500 pounds or so, the market price of corn this year, children of high, to sell a six per kg. However, a hailstorm in July, played Sun Village, Cao Village and three villages, 300 acres Corn is almost total crop failure.
crops compared to corn, potato harvest this year is much better, but also to nearly jin per mu. At present all kinds of household in the village over 10 acres of potatoes, a good time to harvest reached 2000 to 3000 kg per mu. But the price of potatoes is 2 per kg wool, corn is a 6, even if the species of potato is not Hanlaobaoshou. So in the end what kind, and perhaps allow the villagers to headache.
(side Corn is a yellow dwarf, the bright side is open potato flowers ~)
crop crops on the villagers, not only means that the inputs into the seed, fertilizer, moving hard all year, the soup bubble, there is no source of income a more direct threat to their livelihoods. but let Uncle Cao now have the second option, two sheep rearing his home, he told us, Oxfam benefit from feeding sheep industry in the development of family programs at the local Oxfam selected 110 poor residents, each household paid two sheep, and to promote the survival of planting drought-resistant sand good quality forage, Uncle Cao home two sheep are kept from the beginning in June of this year, is expected to be next 2,3 month calving, each year about one hundred sheep can be sold for 7-8.
(CAO uncle home the sheep is behind the house his home ground alfalfa grass, which we encounter ~)
Cao uncle stay in the home is also a Sun Village, ordinary villagers, the slack migrant workers, busy home to farming, is where the average income of the villagers form. The workers rely on dummies, dependent on crop farming is the most common problems.
way back we have been discussing, the poverty of these ordinary villagers, for them the real is in question, we return to Beijing can not hear them shouting slogans or two, we are planning a joint project of world government Jue policy they may not wait, we can sense in the end to do something help them to do?
street to see wild chrysanthemum, to students from the dry ground out together with the weeds, tough to make it look more beautiful.
First item is that if Li Jingyuan County, Township, Village, Sun Microsystems, due to successive years of drought, making it dependent on the weather crops in remote villages is almost crops, people living a hard life.
This is what we learned before departure information.
hardship, real life described by the state.
remote a remote countryside in the end
can have partial? determinant one is the actual distance, one is traffic. 120 kilometers from Tianjin to Beijing, half an hour. from the county to rise Yang village, 70 km, nearly four hours of mountain. We start the morning at 8:30 from Jingyuan County, all the way along the bumpy mountain loess, the time 10:40 was excited to see a village, but the distance Cao Village, Sun Village There are more than an hour's drive. and in this more than an hour, sitting back almost always keep the comrades side or the mountain villages scattered in the mountains, many of the older village life had this not out of the mountain)
(Dangling in our cars photographed with our (street without any masking material, a slip to turn to mountain may have a direct bottom) ~. at the moment is under just this year, after a rain, dry, road conditions the best of times, if the drought, no rain, the road to plot foot thick soil, it will drive all the way to the one click, clods will fall off at full blast when it rained, the situation can be imagined.)
(The good news is, the county government but also to improve local roads as a major event in the lives of residents, the county through to the asphalt road is being built in various villages, is expected to be completed next year.)
Drought
last five or six years, severe drought occurred in successive years Jingyuan County, along the way can see the deserted land, but also moved to other places to see the villagers left behind an empty house.
(where there have been others.)
the adverse environment can not support themselves forced to emigrate to other towns and villages, or to urban workers, the only loss of the original land and homes, and no technical villagers, they do not know the background away from home, better life now What?
should measures: construction of water cisterns (20m3 per household to build three water cellar for people drinking water and irrigation) and the CAO if the water diversion project (mentioned in the Yellow River to the foot of the mountain villages of water shortage). that if the drinking water projects Cao, County workers CAST Liu Xinhua, a special thanks to reporter, the reporter is in the process of collecting folk songs accidentally discovered that if Li Township, there are still people drinking water problems, he's a text and photo coverage, causing the central attached great importance to allocate 16 million earmarked immediately built a CAO if the water diversion project, to solve the mountain of people drinking water and arable land big problem.
(Sun Village, Cao uncle showed us in the cellar of his house. As out some of the villagers remain in the village Cao uncle now has five home cellars. but Cao home sons and uncle are also migrant workers, had seven people in the house, he now only one left behind.)
harvest income
Cao uncle home in Sun Village, corn and potato (potato) is carried out by Oxfam to help the villagers the main crops of ecological poverty alleviation projects to promote the film technology of the corn harvest is good, to achieve Near jin per mu, generally 500 pounds or so, the market price of corn this year, children of high, to sell a six per kg. However, a hailstorm in July, played Sun Village, Cao Village and three villages, 300 acres Corn is almost total crop failure.
crops compared to corn, potato harvest this year is much better, but also to nearly jin per mu. At present all kinds of household in the village over 10 acres of potatoes, a good time to harvest reached 2000 to 3000 kg per mu. But the price of potatoes is 2 per kg wool, corn is a 6, even if the species of potato is not Hanlaobaoshou. So in the end what kind, and perhaps allow the villagers to headache.
(side Corn is a yellow dwarf, the bright side is open potato flowers ~)
crop crops on the villagers, not only means that the inputs into the seed, fertilizer, moving hard all year, the soup bubble, there is no source of income a more direct threat to their livelihoods. but let Uncle Cao now have the second option, two sheep rearing his home, he told us, Oxfam benefit from feeding sheep industry in the development of family programs at the local Oxfam selected 110 poor residents, each household paid two sheep, and to promote the survival of planting drought-resistant sand good quality forage, Uncle Cao home two sheep are kept from the beginning in June of this year, is expected to be next 2,3 month calving, each year about one hundred sheep can be sold for 7-8.
(CAO uncle home the sheep is behind the house his home ground alfalfa grass, which we encounter ~)
Cao uncle stay in the home is also a Sun Village, ordinary villagers, the slack migrant workers, busy home to farming, is where the average income of the villagers form. The workers rely on dummies, dependent on crop farming is the most common problems.
way back we have been discussing, the poverty of these ordinary villagers, for them the real is in question, we return to Beijing can not hear them shouting slogans or two, we are planning a joint project of world government Jue policy they may not wait, we can sense in the end to do something help them to do?
street to see wild chrysanthemum, to students from the dry ground out together with the weeds, tough to make it look more beautiful.
Monday, December 27, 2010
Jingzhou Chu Chi Nan articles
Century ruins of the face of South City, he was not able to accept this is the moment before the tall crowds, traveling noise. morning and wear new clothes and into the city, pushed broken dirty night). looked up the direction of the sun are all a vast white glaring, hiding next to the pond under the shade of willows Overturned across the board, as babies are gentle may clean like the wind blows, it was a quiet, green pond water, soft winds slowly like a wave of liquid emerald altar, that there even has flowers open, revealing a conceal charming pink, red tile expanse of the pond there is a cottage, yard dog barks from time to time give to take such a long while, through the eyes of passers-by from time to time with the strange daze staring at such a pond in front of strangers, talk about what they want, but how could this exist and they are talking about 411 years, 2200 years ago completely abandoned, has been completely buried in the underground heart of the city?
first thought that this city will survive in a pile of rubble on the ground to meet me, that has been carved into the brain due to those on the state of Chu memory, due to some of the information presented on this city.
smiled and came to realize that nearly 2,300 years, the sea can become Kuwata, people can also be turned to stone, not to mention a city has been destroyed in the war ?
walk in the poplar grows sparsely along the dirt road, the left hand side is the marginal boundless rice fields, actually see three, five white egrets fly flew in the fields, the rice fields of water shining in the sun Used as a light, rippling wave in the air the fragrance of the land, we asked passers-by, they would understand the right hand side of the road covered with trees nearly five meters away from the slopes but it was the ancient city wall Ji Nan.
that oblique slopes covered with weeds and shrubs under the soil is moist gray to black, along a narrow dirt road to climb, into the woods, the face is actually a pair of innocent cattle wide open eyes stared staring I am, I ventured to blame if it appears to disturb the peace and quiet.
sitting on a pile of weeds, trees will cool the moisture enveloped the body of a cattle standing on the ramp of the sun through the leaves spot film projected onto the ground, cattle, and that the sun looks like a fantasy, had the cold, depths of the forest the sound of birds fluttering sound, look at the past but can not find the source of the sound, then started eating beef and bow grass, as if the visitors, which existed 2700 years of earth wall, or even the world, this universe has nothing to do with it completely, I would envy it, totally ignorant that the two things I forgot.
only this soil wall was 2700 years ago was really a night to Chu's his soldiers who patrol the capital's most important defense line, but how to penetrate the fog of history back to 2700 years past? already begging people today never and the dream.
Chu, according to the integration of the local indigenous people, before they have the Zhou Wang, Zhou royal family as a reward the descendants of the founding fathers of the packet princes, after the closure of YU Xiong Chu Xiong Yi in pretty, only found in official history, Chu family for the barbarians, but also non-royal family in, only called disrespectful to the royal family of Zhou, in order to repay unfair revenge Packet year, three times a week so Wang Xing Bing Shao crusade, but have failed three times, the last king was away on the way to glue the ship in the Chu measure, Shen died in the Han River.
that time, Chu in Danyang, Chu further strong current in the conquest of the western Hubei Province in the Yong Zhu Shan State after he tackled in one fell swoop in Hubei Hubei Echeng the country, the land occupied large tracts of fertile land and Jianghan Tonglushan Dodge copper-rich resources, national strength strong So they simply closed their three sons for the king, forced by the current situation developed after the abolition of the King of another; then passed through four generations pass on the Bears, the Tyrants in 704 BC, known as the king himself as Chuwu Wang , Chu Wuwang die, the state of Chu had occupied the whole plain, beginning to take shape to build a state machine: King of the following, commanding the whole army has Yoshitada big government, a Mo Aozhang Jun, there is a county Xianyin long, and for the establishment of two north central plains outpost left is that if the right-wing is Polygonum.
King Wu, the successor to King Wen of Chu, the first thing he did moved the capital to Ying (BC 689), that the immediate The discipline of this South City, the century when the South City, east to west, 4.5 km, 3.5 km from north to south, with a total area of 15.75 square kilometers, more than three Jingzhou Cheng bigger now; around the city was built by the city wall, perimeter 15.5 km, 4 m -7.5 m high, in parallel in the three trucks. rammed earth walls are constructed, Jianhou firm.
King Wen then basically exterminate or subdue the Zhou royal family of the original packet in the Hanjiang River The ; soar, blockbuster, , Chu is still
Qi, art of war all the Warring States, and Sun Wu par, in the Wei Qi Wei Wenhou any time will be more than 20 years, had command of Wei Jun war with other kingdoms were a total of 76 times, including access to a comprehensive victory Wei Jun, 64 times, the remaining 12 tied for second also with rivals, undefeated, making the development of Wei to the sides to expand the land more than a thousand years; Wen Hou Wuhou the throne after the death of the previous 390 years, Qi Wei dignitaries framed by the exclusion, forced Ben Chu, Chu when Daowang, the king, the aristocracy in power, political corruption, economic depression, increasing the potential decline of the country, has on several occasions been emerging Wei, Zhao, Han aggression, loss of large tracts of land, Dao Wang Chun-li bribery, in Qin's help, it was with Wei, Zhao, Han make peace, as a monarch to make a difference, Daowang for the arrival of Qi is like 久旱逢甘霖, a year after the military and political power will pay the State of Chu and Qi, and support him redress the wrongs , the revitalization of political reform Chu.
Chu Qi that against the old aristocracy, reconstruction of the social order, promoting the rule of law in politics, advocated the rule of law, proposed the new law, passed a packet as long as three generations of the nobility, and be knighted and the recovery of salary, the fourth generation no longer enjoy hereditary privileges. Gongzu abolished hereditary privileges of those distant, for the establishment of prefectures and counties in the state of Chu in general open the way. lower Minister's position and weaken the powers of ministers, so that there unification Chu, strengthen authoritarian monarchy; against slave aristocracy. the abolition of the hereditary system packet system, the deprivation of the old aristocratic title and salary to give to the national merit scholar ; in the reform of state organs, Qi resolutely implement , the dispensable officials and officials to reduce the salary, pension raise the money brought out of the sergeant that the new selection. On the economic front, Qi ordered the who , so that Chu's economic and national strength can be developed. in the military, the Qi that people in custody battle to the strong military, Chu army galloping campaign, invincible, annexed Baiyue people along the southern Fang Wuling tribes, occupied the north Chen, Cai China, the Yangtze River to the south of Chu have, and this southern Jiangxi and Hunan and Guangxi Cang between Wu large tracts of land west of the rival Raiders Qin, and also have defeated the Han, Zhao, Wei Sanguo the attack, the most prominent of which is a record in 381 BC battle to rescue Zhao Gong Wei, Zhou KING II ten years (382 years ago), Zhao was Wei, Wei forces a complete defeat, losing the first level, the land east of the river, Zhongmu came under attack, the following year, in very critical of Zhao for help in the case of Chu, Wu Qi ordered his troops to save Gong Wei Zhao, and Wei army fighting in the western states, the big break, and follow up the victory, the Yellow River has been hit for Chu Guoli under the rebellion, the siege of Qi, Qi Xianshibumiao fled into the palace, has been chasing rebels into the aristocratic palace, Qi, Chu Daowang nowhere to hide the bodies under the hold, was finally shot arrows, and even the bodies have suffered a Daowang a few arrows, Chu Su Ji-bit although the insurgency Jianshang Manmenchaozhan seventy kings more than aristocratic body, but tying dismembered the Qi, and fully implement the new law abolished the Qi; Qi although before his death with their own the wisdom of punishing those who killed his murderer, and he defended with his life is also tragic in the Reform Movement failed.
Chu from dominating the world lost the chance.
Qi its people, to act unscrupulously, as seeking fame and notoriety to the back of murdering the mother's death because he did not realize his mother goodbye and thanks to the phase when the closure of State's promise and did not return home funeral; yet to set a good example everywhere, and his example, running the army orders strict and disciplined troops, any Yin energy use, Xinshangbifa, fair decision for the government, tried their very best; but commercial calamity in 361 BC, the Qin's political reform than (Qi Political Reform in 20 years), although the business calamity has ended in failure tying the tragedy of death But Qin did not repeal the business calamity by the law change, but will continue to implement the go, until it becomes the overlord of world domination, so the tragedy of commercial calamity only personal tragedy, the tragedy rather than the state of Qin, but Qi tragedy In addition to a personal tragedy but also the entire state of Chu, Chu, Chu Wenming tragedy.
the Warring States Period, have the ability to dominate the world, only Qi, Chu, Qin Sanguo, but history's most ironic is that only the most civilized backwardness, inferiority complex of Qin was the most accomplished this historic mission, rather than the living conditions of comfort and civilization developed Qi, Chu the two countries, after the drama and irony of history that has repeatedly staged in China, can not say is that there is the inevitability of it.
Qi million in 2003 after the failure of political reform (278 BC), Qin Bai Ji Chu captured from the South City in one fell swoop.
white, the world famous also, Sun Wu, Qi followed by an excellent military commander, strong Qin dominate the Central Plains in the history of evolution from white to Qin Guojun invincible attitude of God for the emperor to lay the cornerstone of a unified, best known for his World War I is drawing Ji Chu Zhao Nan after 19 years of the long flat war, although Zhao Lian Po, Li Mu, but not use such a star, drive a wedge between the results of the total removed Lian Qin Zhao Kuo came back to talk of a fool will eventually defeat from the hands of the white , which four hundred thousand fighting abusing Zhao Xiang Zu, leaving only its two hundred and forty young people who go Handan defeat spread the message, so that nearly capsized the edge of Zhao (recorded in historical documents in the souls of Handan City memorial Zhangpingzhizhan No crying actually lasted as long as March).
us from Que beheaded two hundred and forty thousand; The king Gongwei thirty-four years, pulling Huayang, go Mangmao beheaded one hundred and thirty thousand; and Zhao Jia Yan war will finally sink in the river twenty; The king attacked Han border the stove forty-three years City beheaded fifty thousand; The king forty-eight years fighting in the Chang Ping Zhao beheaded captive four hundred and fifty thousand, the left column where the total number of people beheaded eighty-nine million. In addition to the campaign have clearly set out the number, the not specify the victims of Bing Shi: The king of the town thirteen years hit South Korea; The king fifteen years Gongwei, takes a city big or small Sixty-one; The king attacked the wrong sixteen years and Keqing Yuan City (Wei); The king twenty-year attack Zhao, pull off the wolf City; The king of Chu attack twenty-eight years, five cities pull Yan Deng; The king of Chu attack twenty-nine, pulling Ying, burning Yiling; The king attacked forty-five years HAN Ye Wang; The king's forty-six years cutting Han Gou, Lin. from the top ten battle, we can probably estimate, Wu Anjun white from life because of him no less than a million people dead, plus the people of casualties will certainly be much higher than This figure! is to be so a perfectly planned and organized large-scale surround and annihilate the war:
280 years ago, the Qin army by the error rate will Sima Longxi (now Gansu Lintao) into this Sichuan, additional buses, Shu Army 100,000; then take a large face ship ten thousand, set out Gok 6,000,000 meters from the bus Fu water (tributary Jialing River, at the Central Sichuan) south, attacking the state of Chu. Minshan Qin climb this mountain, Motian Mountains, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and finally to a surprise attack Chu State rear. At the time, build northwest of the main Chu Qin Chu border front, rear empty. was a sudden attack on Sima wrong, Chu caught off guard, loss of large tracts of land. Qin captured Chu Qianzhong (rule Guizhou, Hunan Yuan today Ling West). hectare entered Chu was forced to offer Yong (now Hubei Chushan) to the north of the Qin and the Han River. This war victory, the formation of outflanking attack from the south of Chu favorable situation.
Then, Sima wrong follow up a victory by the ita East divide our forces, the arrival Kui Wu, with another, led by the Sichuan side, if Zhang Shou Ji Wu troops attack the following year, board under tiles on roof, Guizhou area, then along the East, the North played with the white Road force combat and contain the power of Chu, for the army south to North creates favorable conditions.
279 BC, the Qin king Zhaoxiang for the full attack Chu, and Zhaohui Wen Wang Mianchi Alliance, Xibing Introduction the lifting of worry. After that, sending his troops from a large Ryozo massive attack of white Chu. Chu political corruption, the country situation worsened, another part of the expeditionary force with the village raise one's foot into Yunnan, fielding weak. Bai Qi of the military situation, the taking Chu destroy the strategic policy of the ruling center region. marched east along the Han River, the first to invade the middle Hanjiang River to Deng (now Hubei Xiangfan North), advancing to the Yan City (now Hubei Yicheng southeast), the. Chu Yan is the other is very important geographical position. Yan Ying danger is lost. Chu to guard the capital, the main defense Jitiao Yan. Qinjun Jiang attack does not work, then changed to water attack. in the city of four hundred miles Yan stone check dam construction , has to a certain height, must weir water. torrential floods engulfed Yan City, hundreds of thousands of military and civilian casualties, dead bodies floating everywhere. Qin Yan thus accounting for the city. wiped out after Chu Yan City, white from West Ferry Zhangshui and Suishui (now Jushui, the Yangtze River tributary), Gongba Xiling (now West Yichang, Hubei Province), strangling the Yangtze River, and west of the Wu Ying truncated County (now eastern Sichuan, western Hubei Province; rule Wu, Wushan County, Sichuan Province today) in the contact. and then east along the Yangtze River, the burning of Yiling (now Hubei Yichang) Chu Wangzong Temple, almost equal to Ying Du. Chu hectare entered hastily fled east, moved the capital of Chen (Henan Huaiyang). White from chase Jingling (now Hubei potential Jiangxi North) stopped. Jingling west of the vast region north of the Qin are all there. Since then, Ji Nan as Qin to Nelson, white from so labeled Wuan Jun battle.
Changpingzhizhan white after the cause of death from taking advantage of this to exterminate Zhao, Qin-phase Fansui avoid high advocated Babing their work, Later Qin king Zhaoxiang in less than a year and want to exterminate Zhao, white from changes in accordance with the current situation to determine the firm opposition and strong speech not to be, an Italian military forces the King of Qin, the results of fruitless war situation, and then forced to be from white, white victorious from the care of their reputation, that would rather die than as a White dismissed from the job he was asked to go to the western frontiers. white from the illness does not go, dragged three months. this time, disadvantage. Thus, it is even more hate white king is not for themselves from their lives, and finally forced the white suicide, committing suicide, said the white sword and downs: solid when the dead. Zhangpingzhizhan, Zhao finally drop those hundreds of thousands, I do pit of fraud and it is enough to die. Although his hands were stained from the blood, can only be used alas Seoul.
Yuan, were flat, the word of the original, and Chu Guojun with the ancestors, he was born and raised in publicity, and the grandson of the first VIA strong period of the world, proud of their country, full of social responsibility. because of Figure affairs meeting with the king to the command; the event guests are received to meet the princes determined to use their powers to seek out the paintings policy, into Xianzhong made an attempt to reform our politics, so Chu more powerful. Qi political reform failed, the old forces of the old aristocracy also suffered a heavy blow, so once there is political Chu the improvement. but Qi is, after all, the old Reform forces destroyed the old nobility, so the question remains Chu, The situation of decay, and Qi, as also the first to get rid of maladministration from the refresh start with politics. from the legacy of Qu Yuan, some chapters of view, the measures in this regard him, one Xiuming testimonies, rule by law, the second is to develop personnel, selecting and empowerment.
grandson was in the trust and support, issued a series of reform of the political and legislative edict, grandson of the government is also entrusted to loyal management can, so in the early grandson , Chu Guoli rule was relatively clear, Qu Yuan's political reform has achieved some results, people can be described as the country strong and rich, everything is fine. Qu Yuan was though to be excluded by the slander, but he is remembered on this experience, and lead to pride.
in foreign policy, Qu Yuan advocated Results homogeneous vertical and Kangqin. Chu, Qin has always been a marriage of the country, the Spring and Autumn since the bilateral relations have been very good. However, since after Shang Yang, Qin rise, there ambition of world domination. Chu Wei Wang was still alive, this was recognized:
The Han, Wei Qin forced to suffer, not with the deep seeking, fear of anti-people to enter the Qin, it is seeking has yet to issue the country has Weiyi. Guaren from the material, when Chu Qin Sheng Yan no. within the ministers seeking, less than rely too. Guaren Insomnia seats, food is not sweet taste, such as hanging banner heart shook, and the thin end nothing. also be aware of, so only five countries Faqin move. from the time situation, has entered the era of the late Warring States, China, the trend toward increasingly clear that a unified, while the only truly unified conditions of Chu, Qin, Qi Sanguo . as a great patriotic poet, Qu Yuan, of course, want their country to complete this Tongyiliuguo king's cause. Therefore, he strongly supported the grandson of the original in vertical and Kangqin war, abandoned the traditional pro-Chun Chu policy advocates Nice Qi, vertical and Kangqin.
Feng Shu shift to consolidate the rear, opening up new strategic location. 316 BC (the grandson of thirteen years), Pakistan, each attack the Shu, all emergency Qin, Qin Huiwen king to seize this opportunity, life Zhang Yi, Sima wrong, Du Wei, who led his army through cattle Mexican Rock Road attack Shu Shu exterminate in October, followed Gongmie the Pakistan, since then, the land to the state of Qin Shu share with. is too Chu, Chu death and carry on the world, br> At the time, some of Chu within the ruling conservative elite who fear the Qin clan, such as vanilla, Jin Shang, Zheng Xiu, etc., favored to continue pro-Qin, Qin and horizontal self-preservation. grandson of the view For Heart Attacks Upon Chu Qin After all, too powerful, too, after all, is the grandson of a shallow free-minded prince, domestic and foreign policy work of Qu Yuan, the Jin, who is still double the jealous, actually collude with the state of Qin, Qu Yuan and the fight against slander. contains:
associated with out doctor Shangguan, rivalry and heart damage its performance. huai made to the constitution so that Qu Yuan, Qu Ping draft is uncertain. Shangguan and Yuduo see the doctor, Quping not with, for slander, saying: ; The King Quping for the order, all the Mo I do not know, every order out, flat cutting its power, that l r is also not my monensin. suffering of the country, so that Zhang Yi of Chu, goods Chugui Chen Jin Shang Shang of the doctor is, and so on Yinzi Lan, Sima sub-pepper, the bribe Mrs. Zheng Xiu, Qu Yuan, a total of slander.
Yuan innovation and strengthen the country against internal and external, Results Gang Qin Qi obstruction forces, its innovative measures and issued a policy Qi Gang Qin died. Yuan anger this abnormal pain, as the Cong is also not, slander flatter the shelter ming, the public are also victims of the evil music, Founder of the not too, so the sorrow meditate and as , that is, the doctor Jin Shang Shang Qu Yuan was destroyed slander, etc., for the grandson of the written after the estrangement.
Yuan Qi political reform and political reform as a major historical events belong to the state of Chu. Yuan Qi, though not as brutal as the killing of , but his innovations faster than Qi become law died. Chu old aristocratic old forces have been hindering the progress of history, Chu, Chu society which is the basic situation was one of the reasons heave. Since then, the history of Chu there have not been a decent reform or innovation.
political reform failed, about twenty-five years or so huai, Qu Yuan was banished to the Chinese and the North area, this is the first time he was exiled.
huai three decades, Qin huai will force off trick. Qu Yuan was strongly discouraged, and Huai WANG Zi Lan, the younger son has advocated huai to Qin, the results may not return the detained huai, died three years after Qin. detained in huai, the hectare entered the access bits, vanilla any Yoshitada, Chu Qinbang pay was cut off. But hectare entered the seventh year in the next place, even with the Qin became marriage, in order to being the soul. As Qu Yuan's shameful stance against them, and denounce child died Lan responsible for the humiliation huai, vanilla doctor has ordered Shangguan hectare entered the front of rumors in the defamation of Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan was again led to exile to the Yuan, Hunan area, for about After thirteen years ago as a hectare entered.
Qu Yuan in traditional Chinese thought, is in exile, he was expelled from the Ying Du onto the road after the formation of civil slowly, the Spring and Autumn, when the main choice of talent , all after the epidemic did not pursue the thought of Confucius, the so-called extreme examples, such as Wu, fled to Wu-toting blood feud, then simply capture rate of Wu Ji Nan army, the enemy king Ping of Chu Bianshi dig graves, almost subjugated to the state of Chu; Yuan vassal state several times ambassador, another good name for the government in Chu, he can just walk away to other countries to realize their ambitions, but he has chosen to look stupid choice to leave the king of the senses and the power of the State of Chu to show their ambition , and its acts, while ignorance of their time to that of the noble sentiments but not great.
the same time in many years in exile Qu Yuan, Chu increasingly critical situation, see Chu Yuan worse day by day affairs of state, the crisis deepened day by day , Zhong anger depression, no act, a cavity had to warm the hands in poetry, to 278 BC (hectare entered the twenty-one year), Qin defeated Chu Bai Qi Ji Nan, Qu Yuan in the Northeast this Changsha the Miluo River to hear the news, full of feeling anger, wrote May 5 was originally a traditional festival for Chu, Chu was put on this day to commemorate Qu Yuan, the day after the country became popular throughout China's traditional Dragon Boat Festival.
leave Ying Du, after the first summer to the summer of Dongting and Pu. away long ago, grief of the community, articles in the earthquake people trespass, and the people of discrete, building for the hills, barren, then the East Gate, earnest country ruins a family the pain of death, strongly home of the poet expressed willingness to die, and the deep emotional Mourning native homeland.
55 years after the death of Qu Yuan (223 BC), Qin generals WANG Jian off Chu Chu in business 800 years of statehood is not weekly, and finally draw a full stop!
when I tried to highway toll station near the other end of the wall into the past century has been unearthed in South City Centre ---- when the palace of Chu, less than a kilometer away to dry under the hot sun to give up violence This plan, so he walked back down the field road, walked side walls, clusters of purple, white and white colors of the wildflowers in full bloom, and that above the rippling with several colorful butterflies, suddenly flew from the flower another flower, summer and early autumn seasons are not, they are still flying in the wanton life.
climb overlooking the ancient city walls from this destruction in the hands of the white once the great capital, and now the fields, suddenly thought of Chu after death prophecies circulated's famous words, --- Mieqin!
I do not know if the Tang Chi Nan Chen Zi will pay homage to his most famous song, where the spirits of those who do Chu?
Jiangling west corner, not far from Simon is the best museums in Hubei province, compared to the new Provincial Museum and the Museum of Wuhan City, it's rich and systematic collection even better.
Jingzhou Museum, six exhibition They are primitive culture Jianghan exhibition Jianghan Chu Culture Exhibition, Exhibition handed down, Jingzhou Han Tomb No. 168, Phoenix Hill Show, the ancient device Showcase lacquered, Warring States silk exhibition, each exhibition is the content of people hang around with profound , indulge in the long river of history.
walk in the hospital, crape myrtle trees bloom pink large group large groups of flowers, a piece of white Zephyranthes six yellow flower petals surround the core in full bloom on the ground, a ray of light osmanthus incense Ruoyouruowu drifted down, down the aroma seek the past, actually found next to a Taoist temple, incense is gone, the stone steps stood in a long moss Gezhe Men look to the temple, spooky Ghost Story in the story as the place is more than enough Taoist some of the ingredients, rolled materials, the original is here, built in the Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan (713m741) Kaiyuan concept, but the existing buildings of Ming and Qing two generations of reconstruction, together with incense is now gone, all the more quiet the.
first thought that this city will survive in a pile of rubble on the ground to meet me, that has been carved into the brain due to those on the state of Chu memory, due to some of the information presented on this city.
smiled and came to realize that nearly 2,300 years, the sea can become Kuwata, people can also be turned to stone, not to mention a city has been destroyed in the war ?
walk in the poplar grows sparsely along the dirt road, the left hand side is the marginal boundless rice fields, actually see three, five white egrets fly flew in the fields, the rice fields of water shining in the sun Used as a light, rippling wave in the air the fragrance of the land, we asked passers-by, they would understand the right hand side of the road covered with trees nearly five meters away from the slopes but it was the ancient city wall Ji Nan.
that oblique slopes covered with weeds and shrubs under the soil is moist gray to black, along a narrow dirt road to climb, into the woods, the face is actually a pair of innocent cattle wide open eyes stared staring I am, I ventured to blame if it appears to disturb the peace and quiet.
sitting on a pile of weeds, trees will cool the moisture enveloped the body of a cattle standing on the ramp of the sun through the leaves spot film projected onto the ground, cattle, and that the sun looks like a fantasy, had the cold, depths of the forest the sound of birds fluttering sound, look at the past but can not find the source of the sound, then started eating beef and bow grass, as if the visitors, which existed 2700 years of earth wall, or even the world, this universe has nothing to do with it completely, I would envy it, totally ignorant that the two things I forgot.
only this soil wall was 2700 years ago was really a night to Chu's his soldiers who patrol the capital's most important defense line, but how to penetrate the fog of history back to 2700 years past? already begging people today never and the dream.
Chu, according to the integration of the local indigenous people, before they have the Zhou Wang, Zhou royal family as a reward the descendants of the founding fathers of the packet princes, after the closure of YU Xiong Chu Xiong Yi in pretty, only found in official history, Chu family for the barbarians, but also non-royal family in, only called disrespectful to the royal family of Zhou, in order to repay unfair revenge Packet year, three times a week so Wang Xing Bing Shao crusade, but have failed three times, the last king was away on the way to glue the ship in the Chu measure, Shen died in the Han River.
that time, Chu in Danyang, Chu further strong current in the conquest of the western Hubei Province in the Yong Zhu Shan State after he tackled in one fell swoop in Hubei Hubei Echeng the country, the land occupied large tracts of fertile land and Jianghan Tonglushan Dodge copper-rich resources, national strength strong So they simply closed their three sons for the king, forced by the current situation developed after the abolition of the King of another; then passed through four generations pass on the Bears, the Tyrants in 704 BC, known as the king himself as Chuwu Wang , Chu Wuwang die, the state of Chu had occupied the whole plain, beginning to take shape to build a state machine: King of the following, commanding the whole army has Yoshitada big government, a Mo Aozhang Jun, there is a county Xianyin long, and for the establishment of two north central plains outpost left is that if the right-wing is Polygonum.
King Wu, the successor to King Wen of Chu, the first thing he did moved the capital to Ying (BC 689), that the immediate The discipline of this South City, the century when the South City, east to west, 4.5 km, 3.5 km from north to south, with a total area of 15.75 square kilometers, more than three Jingzhou Cheng bigger now; around the city was built by the city wall, perimeter 15.5 km, 4 m -7.5 m high, in parallel in the three trucks. rammed earth walls are constructed, Jianhou firm.
King Wen then basically exterminate or subdue the Zhou royal family of the original packet in the Hanjiang River The ; soar, blockbuster, , Chu is still
Qi, art of war all the Warring States, and Sun Wu par, in the Wei Qi Wei Wenhou any time will be more than 20 years, had command of Wei Jun war with other kingdoms were a total of 76 times, including access to a comprehensive victory Wei Jun, 64 times, the remaining 12 tied for second also with rivals, undefeated, making the development of Wei to the sides to expand the land more than a thousand years; Wen Hou Wuhou the throne after the death of the previous 390 years, Qi Wei dignitaries framed by the exclusion, forced Ben Chu, Chu when Daowang, the king, the aristocracy in power, political corruption, economic depression, increasing the potential decline of the country, has on several occasions been emerging Wei, Zhao, Han aggression, loss of large tracts of land, Dao Wang Chun-li bribery, in Qin's help, it was with Wei, Zhao, Han make peace, as a monarch to make a difference, Daowang for the arrival of Qi is like 久旱逢甘霖, a year after the military and political power will pay the State of Chu and Qi, and support him redress the wrongs , the revitalization of political reform Chu.
Chu Qi that against the old aristocracy, reconstruction of the social order, promoting the rule of law in politics, advocated the rule of law, proposed the new law, passed a packet as long as three generations of the nobility, and be knighted and the recovery of salary, the fourth generation no longer enjoy hereditary privileges. Gongzu abolished hereditary privileges of those distant, for the establishment of prefectures and counties in the state of Chu in general open the way. lower Minister's position and weaken the powers of ministers, so that there unification Chu, strengthen authoritarian monarchy; against slave aristocracy. the abolition of the hereditary system packet system, the deprivation of the old aristocratic title and salary to give to the national merit scholar ; in the reform of state organs, Qi resolutely implement , the dispensable officials and officials to reduce the salary, pension raise the money brought out of the sergeant that the new selection. On the economic front, Qi ordered the who , so that Chu's economic and national strength can be developed. in the military, the Qi that people in custody battle to the strong military, Chu army galloping campaign, invincible, annexed Baiyue people along the southern Fang Wuling tribes, occupied the north Chen, Cai China, the Yangtze River to the south of Chu have, and this southern Jiangxi and Hunan and Guangxi Cang between Wu large tracts of land west of the rival Raiders Qin, and also have defeated the Han, Zhao, Wei Sanguo the attack, the most prominent of which is a record in 381 BC battle to rescue Zhao Gong Wei, Zhou KING II ten years (382 years ago), Zhao was Wei, Wei forces a complete defeat, losing the first level, the land east of the river, Zhongmu came under attack, the following year, in very critical of Zhao for help in the case of Chu, Wu Qi ordered his troops to save Gong Wei Zhao, and Wei army fighting in the western states, the big break, and follow up the victory, the Yellow River has been hit for Chu Guoli under the rebellion, the siege of Qi, Qi Xianshibumiao fled into the palace, has been chasing rebels into the aristocratic palace, Qi, Chu Daowang nowhere to hide the bodies under the hold, was finally shot arrows, and even the bodies have suffered a Daowang a few arrows, Chu Su Ji-bit although the insurgency Jianshang Manmenchaozhan seventy kings more than aristocratic body, but tying dismembered the Qi, and fully implement the new law abolished the Qi; Qi although before his death with their own the wisdom of punishing those who killed his murderer, and he defended with his life is also tragic in the Reform Movement failed.
Chu from dominating the world lost the chance.
Qi its people, to act unscrupulously, as seeking fame and notoriety to the back of murdering the mother's death because he did not realize his mother goodbye and thanks to the phase when the closure of State's promise and did not return home funeral; yet to set a good example everywhere, and his example, running the army orders strict and disciplined troops, any Yin energy use, Xinshangbifa, fair decision for the government, tried their very best; but commercial calamity in 361 BC, the Qin's political reform than (Qi Political Reform in 20 years), although the business calamity has ended in failure tying the tragedy of death But Qin did not repeal the business calamity by the law change, but will continue to implement the go, until it becomes the overlord of world domination, so the tragedy of commercial calamity only personal tragedy, the tragedy rather than the state of Qin, but Qi tragedy In addition to a personal tragedy but also the entire state of Chu, Chu, Chu Wenming tragedy.
the Warring States Period, have the ability to dominate the world, only Qi, Chu, Qin Sanguo, but history's most ironic is that only the most civilized backwardness, inferiority complex of Qin was the most accomplished this historic mission, rather than the living conditions of comfort and civilization developed Qi, Chu the two countries, after the drama and irony of history that has repeatedly staged in China, can not say is that there is the inevitability of it.
Qi million in 2003 after the failure of political reform (278 BC), Qin Bai Ji Chu captured from the South City in one fell swoop.
white, the world famous also, Sun Wu, Qi followed by an excellent military commander, strong Qin dominate the Central Plains in the history of evolution from white to Qin Guojun invincible attitude of God for the emperor to lay the cornerstone of a unified, best known for his World War I is drawing Ji Chu Zhao Nan after 19 years of the long flat war, although Zhao Lian Po, Li Mu, but not use such a star, drive a wedge between the results of the total removed Lian Qin Zhao Kuo came back to talk of a fool will eventually defeat from the hands of the white , which four hundred thousand fighting abusing Zhao Xiang Zu, leaving only its two hundred and forty young people who go Handan defeat spread the message, so that nearly capsized the edge of Zhao (recorded in historical documents in the souls of Handan City memorial Zhangpingzhizhan No crying actually lasted as long as March).
us from Que beheaded two hundred and forty thousand; The king Gongwei thirty-four years, pulling Huayang, go Mangmao beheaded one hundred and thirty thousand; and Zhao Jia Yan war will finally sink in the river twenty; The king attacked Han border the stove forty-three years City beheaded fifty thousand; The king forty-eight years fighting in the Chang Ping Zhao beheaded captive four hundred and fifty thousand, the left column where the total number of people beheaded eighty-nine million. In addition to the campaign have clearly set out the number, the not specify the victims of Bing Shi: The king of the town thirteen years hit South Korea; The king fifteen years Gongwei, takes a city big or small Sixty-one; The king attacked the wrong sixteen years and Keqing Yuan City (Wei); The king twenty-year attack Zhao, pull off the wolf City; The king of Chu attack twenty-eight years, five cities pull Yan Deng; The king of Chu attack twenty-nine, pulling Ying, burning Yiling; The king attacked forty-five years HAN Ye Wang; The king's forty-six years cutting Han Gou, Lin. from the top ten battle, we can probably estimate, Wu Anjun white from life because of him no less than a million people dead, plus the people of casualties will certainly be much higher than This figure! is to be so a perfectly planned and organized large-scale surround and annihilate the war:
280 years ago, the Qin army by the error rate will Sima Longxi (now Gansu Lintao) into this Sichuan, additional buses, Shu Army 100,000; then take a large face ship ten thousand, set out Gok 6,000,000 meters from the bus Fu water (tributary Jialing River, at the Central Sichuan) south, attacking the state of Chu. Minshan Qin climb this mountain, Motian Mountains, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and finally to a surprise attack Chu State rear. At the time, build northwest of the main Chu Qin Chu border front, rear empty. was a sudden attack on Sima wrong, Chu caught off guard, loss of large tracts of land. Qin captured Chu Qianzhong (rule Guizhou, Hunan Yuan today Ling West). hectare entered Chu was forced to offer Yong (now Hubei Chushan) to the north of the Qin and the Han River. This war victory, the formation of outflanking attack from the south of Chu favorable situation.
Then, Sima wrong follow up a victory by the ita East divide our forces, the arrival Kui Wu, with another, led by the Sichuan side, if Zhang Shou Ji Wu troops attack the following year, board under tiles on roof, Guizhou area, then along the East, the North played with the white Road force combat and contain the power of Chu, for the army south to North creates favorable conditions.
279 BC, the Qin king Zhaoxiang for the full attack Chu, and Zhaohui Wen Wang Mianchi Alliance, Xibing Introduction the lifting of worry. After that, sending his troops from a large Ryozo massive attack of white Chu. Chu political corruption, the country situation worsened, another part of the expeditionary force with the village raise one's foot into Yunnan, fielding weak. Bai Qi of the military situation, the taking Chu destroy the strategic policy of the ruling center region. marched east along the Han River, the first to invade the middle Hanjiang River to Deng (now Hubei Xiangfan North), advancing to the Yan City (now Hubei Yicheng southeast), the. Chu Yan is the other is very important geographical position. Yan Ying danger is lost. Chu to guard the capital, the main defense Jitiao Yan. Qinjun Jiang attack does not work, then changed to water attack. in the city of four hundred miles Yan stone check dam construction , has to a certain height, must weir water. torrential floods engulfed Yan City, hundreds of thousands of military and civilian casualties, dead bodies floating everywhere. Qin Yan thus accounting for the city. wiped out after Chu Yan City, white from West Ferry Zhangshui and Suishui (now Jushui, the Yangtze River tributary), Gongba Xiling (now West Yichang, Hubei Province), strangling the Yangtze River, and west of the Wu Ying truncated County (now eastern Sichuan, western Hubei Province; rule Wu, Wushan County, Sichuan Province today) in the contact. and then east along the Yangtze River, the burning of Yiling (now Hubei Yichang) Chu Wangzong Temple, almost equal to Ying Du. Chu hectare entered hastily fled east, moved the capital of Chen (Henan Huaiyang). White from chase Jingling (now Hubei potential Jiangxi North) stopped. Jingling west of the vast region north of the Qin are all there. Since then, Ji Nan as Qin to Nelson, white from so labeled Wuan Jun battle.
Changpingzhizhan white after the cause of death from taking advantage of this to exterminate Zhao, Qin-phase Fansui avoid high advocated Babing their work, Later Qin king Zhaoxiang in less than a year and want to exterminate Zhao, white from changes in accordance with the current situation to determine the firm opposition and strong speech not to be, an Italian military forces the King of Qin, the results of fruitless war situation, and then forced to be from white, white victorious from the care of their reputation, that would rather die than as a White dismissed from the job he was asked to go to the western frontiers. white from the illness does not go, dragged three months. this time, disadvantage. Thus, it is even more hate white king is not for themselves from their lives, and finally forced the white suicide, committing suicide, said the white sword and downs: solid when the dead. Zhangpingzhizhan, Zhao finally drop those hundreds of thousands, I do pit of fraud and it is enough to die. Although his hands were stained from the blood, can only be used alas Seoul.
Yuan, were flat, the word of the original, and Chu Guojun with the ancestors, he was born and raised in publicity, and the grandson of the first VIA strong period of the world, proud of their country, full of social responsibility. because of Figure affairs meeting with the king to the command; the event guests are received to meet the princes determined to use their powers to seek out the paintings policy, into Xianzhong made an attempt to reform our politics, so Chu more powerful. Qi political reform failed, the old forces of the old aristocracy also suffered a heavy blow, so once there is political Chu the improvement. but Qi is, after all, the old Reform forces destroyed the old nobility, so the question remains Chu, The situation of decay, and Qi, as also the first to get rid of maladministration from the refresh start with politics. from the legacy of Qu Yuan, some chapters of view, the measures in this regard him, one Xiuming testimonies, rule by law, the second is to develop personnel, selecting and empowerment.
grandson was in the trust and support, issued a series of reform of the political and legislative edict, grandson of the government is also entrusted to loyal management can, so in the early grandson , Chu Guoli rule was relatively clear, Qu Yuan's political reform has achieved some results, people can be described as the country strong and rich, everything is fine. Qu Yuan was though to be excluded by the slander, but he is remembered on this experience, and lead to pride.
in foreign policy, Qu Yuan advocated Results homogeneous vertical and Kangqin. Chu, Qin has always been a marriage of the country, the Spring and Autumn since the bilateral relations have been very good. However, since after Shang Yang, Qin rise, there ambition of world domination. Chu Wei Wang was still alive, this was recognized:
The Han, Wei Qin forced to suffer, not with the deep seeking, fear of anti-people to enter the Qin, it is seeking has yet to issue the country has Weiyi. Guaren from the material, when Chu Qin Sheng Yan no. within the ministers seeking, less than rely too. Guaren Insomnia seats, food is not sweet taste, such as hanging banner heart shook, and the thin end nothing. also be aware of, so only five countries Faqin move. from the time situation, has entered the era of the late Warring States, China, the trend toward increasingly clear that a unified, while the only truly unified conditions of Chu, Qin, Qi Sanguo . as a great patriotic poet, Qu Yuan, of course, want their country to complete this Tongyiliuguo king's cause. Therefore, he strongly supported the grandson of the original in vertical and Kangqin war, abandoned the traditional pro-Chun Chu policy advocates Nice Qi, vertical and Kangqin.
Feng Shu shift to consolidate the rear, opening up new strategic location. 316 BC (the grandson of thirteen years), Pakistan, each attack the Shu, all emergency Qin, Qin Huiwen king to seize this opportunity, life Zhang Yi, Sima wrong, Du Wei, who led his army through cattle Mexican Rock Road attack Shu Shu exterminate in October, followed Gongmie the Pakistan, since then, the land to the state of Qin Shu share with. is too Chu, Chu death and carry on the world, br> At the time, some of Chu within the ruling conservative elite who fear the Qin clan, such as vanilla, Jin Shang, Zheng Xiu, etc., favored to continue pro-Qin, Qin and horizontal self-preservation. grandson of the view For Heart Attacks Upon Chu Qin After all, too powerful, too, after all, is the grandson of a shallow free-minded prince, domestic and foreign policy work of Qu Yuan, the Jin, who is still double the jealous, actually collude with the state of Qin, Qu Yuan and the fight against slander. contains:
associated with out doctor Shangguan, rivalry and heart damage its performance. huai made to the constitution so that Qu Yuan, Qu Ping draft is uncertain. Shangguan and Yuduo see the doctor, Quping not with, for slander, saying: ; The King Quping for the order, all the Mo I do not know, every order out, flat cutting its power, that l r is also not my monensin. suffering of the country, so that Zhang Yi of Chu, goods Chugui Chen Jin Shang Shang of the doctor is, and so on Yinzi Lan, Sima sub-pepper, the bribe Mrs. Zheng Xiu, Qu Yuan, a total of slander.
Yuan innovation and strengthen the country against internal and external, Results Gang Qin Qi obstruction forces, its innovative measures and issued a policy Qi Gang Qin died. Yuan anger this abnormal pain, as the Cong is also not, slander flatter the shelter ming, the public are also victims of the evil music, Founder of the not too, so the sorrow meditate and as , that is, the doctor Jin Shang Shang Qu Yuan was destroyed slander, etc., for the grandson of the written after the estrangement.
Yuan Qi political reform and political reform as a major historical events belong to the state of Chu. Yuan Qi, though not as brutal as the killing of , but his innovations faster than Qi become law died. Chu old aristocratic old forces have been hindering the progress of history, Chu, Chu society which is the basic situation was one of the reasons heave. Since then, the history of Chu there have not been a decent reform or innovation.
political reform failed, about twenty-five years or so huai, Qu Yuan was banished to the Chinese and the North area, this is the first time he was exiled.
huai three decades, Qin huai will force off trick. Qu Yuan was strongly discouraged, and Huai WANG Zi Lan, the younger son has advocated huai to Qin, the results may not return the detained huai, died three years after Qin. detained in huai, the hectare entered the access bits, vanilla any Yoshitada, Chu Qinbang pay was cut off. But hectare entered the seventh year in the next place, even with the Qin became marriage, in order to being the soul. As Qu Yuan's shameful stance against them, and denounce child died Lan responsible for the humiliation huai, vanilla doctor has ordered Shangguan hectare entered the front of rumors in the defamation of Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan was again led to exile to the Yuan, Hunan area, for about After thirteen years ago as a hectare entered.
Qu Yuan in traditional Chinese thought, is in exile, he was expelled from the Ying Du onto the road after the formation of civil slowly, the Spring and Autumn, when the main choice of talent , all after the epidemic did not pursue the thought of Confucius, the so-called extreme examples, such as Wu, fled to Wu-toting blood feud, then simply capture rate of Wu Ji Nan army, the enemy king Ping of Chu Bianshi dig graves, almost subjugated to the state of Chu; Yuan vassal state several times ambassador, another good name for the government in Chu, he can just walk away to other countries to realize their ambitions, but he has chosen to look stupid choice to leave the king of the senses and the power of the State of Chu to show their ambition , and its acts, while ignorance of their time to that of the noble sentiments but not great.
the same time in many years in exile Qu Yuan, Chu increasingly critical situation, see Chu Yuan worse day by day affairs of state, the crisis deepened day by day , Zhong anger depression, no act, a cavity had to warm the hands in poetry, to 278 BC (hectare entered the twenty-one year), Qin defeated Chu Bai Qi Ji Nan, Qu Yuan in the Northeast this Changsha the Miluo River to hear the news, full of feeling anger, wrote May 5 was originally a traditional festival for Chu, Chu was put on this day to commemorate Qu Yuan, the day after the country became popular throughout China's traditional Dragon Boat Festival.
leave Ying Du, after the first summer to the summer of Dongting and Pu. away long ago, grief of the community, articles in the earthquake people trespass, and the people of discrete, building for the hills, barren, then the East Gate, earnest country ruins a family the pain of death, strongly home of the poet expressed willingness to die, and the deep emotional Mourning native homeland.
55 years after the death of Qu Yuan (223 BC), Qin generals WANG Jian off Chu Chu in business 800 years of statehood is not weekly, and finally draw a full stop!
when I tried to highway toll station near the other end of the wall into the past century has been unearthed in South City Centre ---- when the palace of Chu, less than a kilometer away to dry under the hot sun to give up violence This plan, so he walked back down the field road, walked side walls, clusters of purple, white and white colors of the wildflowers in full bloom, and that above the rippling with several colorful butterflies, suddenly flew from the flower another flower, summer and early autumn seasons are not, they are still flying in the wanton life.
climb overlooking the ancient city walls from this destruction in the hands of the white once the great capital, and now the fields, suddenly thought of Chu after death prophecies circulated's famous words, --- Mieqin!
I do not know if the Tang Chi Nan Chen Zi will pay homage to his most famous song, where the spirits of those who do Chu?
Jiangling west corner, not far from Simon is the best museums in Hubei province, compared to the new Provincial Museum and the Museum of Wuhan City, it's rich and systematic collection even better.
Jingzhou Museum, six exhibition They are primitive culture Jianghan exhibition Jianghan Chu Culture Exhibition, Exhibition handed down, Jingzhou Han Tomb No. 168, Phoenix Hill Show, the ancient device Showcase lacquered, Warring States silk exhibition, each exhibition is the content of people hang around with profound , indulge in the long river of history.
walk in the hospital, crape myrtle trees bloom pink large group large groups of flowers, a piece of white Zephyranthes six yellow flower petals surround the core in full bloom on the ground, a ray of light osmanthus incense Ruoyouruowu drifted down, down the aroma seek the past, actually found next to a Taoist temple, incense is gone, the stone steps stood in a long moss Gezhe Men look to the temple, spooky Ghost Story in the story as the place is more than enough Taoist some of the ingredients, rolled materials, the original is here, built in the Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan (713m741) Kaiyuan concept, but the existing buildings of Ming and Qing two generations of reconstruction, together with incense is now gone, all the more quiet the.
Sunday, December 26, 2010
You lack more than money
And many people often lament in front of me, if I have money, I'll be able to how to.
Every time I hear these words I always risked the danger of rupture of the friendship may be good to remind them implicitly: you are missing more than money.
fact, my subtext is that: Some people are more the lack of an idea, a plan the idea to spend money.
As someone said himself, his lack of money, you give he was a million, useful you?
I think no use.
because in some people's eyes, they get money is to immediately take out, to a variety of consumer, and this is their own financial resources consumption withstand the.
Furthermore, you can give him a million, he probably would not think of using the money to do more meaningful value-added projects. He will not use the money with money.
Therefore, you give him a million useless.
It is like the early years of our country's poverty alleviation work, the State out of kindness to some poor households solve the problems of some of the money, but because there is no better promote the project, The money was soon spent, poor households still not out of poverty.
If you are doing good for the purpose of giving money, this behavior should be encouraged, but that is another matter.
Today, we are not talking about this, but an accumulation of wealth idea. When a person is thinking still very poor when giving money could not save him.
delegate to delegate to fish than fish. ancients is As early as the time to tell us the simple truth of the.
not solve the problem with giving a small amount of gold as the church people on money. gold can only solve the transient problem of poverty, and only learned a long time to get rid of Golden Touch poverty. learn alchemy to survive are the same wherever.
when a person always think that money is his biggest problem, the money really is not his biggest problem.
biggest problem this person should be is not to learn a plan the money, plan the value-added ideas.
Similarly, if a person is not the cause, but lamented the reason is because there is no money, it really is not because there is no money, but because he thought still in the stage of poverty, not to let themselves become rich in terms of ideology.
from thought to action, starting with the armed themselves ideologically.
Every time I hear these words I always risked the danger of rupture of the friendship may be good to remind them implicitly: you are missing more than money.
fact, my subtext is that: Some people are more the lack of an idea, a plan the idea to spend money.
As someone said himself, his lack of money, you give he was a million, useful you?
I think no use.
because in some people's eyes, they get money is to immediately take out, to a variety of consumer, and this is their own financial resources consumption withstand the.
Furthermore, you can give him a million, he probably would not think of using the money to do more meaningful value-added projects. He will not use the money with money.
Therefore, you give him a million useless.
It is like the early years of our country's poverty alleviation work, the State out of kindness to some poor households solve the problems of some of the money, but because there is no better promote the project, The money was soon spent, poor households still not out of poverty.
If you are doing good for the purpose of giving money, this behavior should be encouraged, but that is another matter.
Today, we are not talking about this, but an accumulation of wealth idea. When a person is thinking still very poor when giving money could not save him.
delegate to delegate to fish than fish. ancients is As early as the time to tell us the simple truth of the.
not solve the problem with giving a small amount of gold as the church people on money. gold can only solve the transient problem of poverty, and only learned a long time to get rid of Golden Touch poverty. learn alchemy to survive are the same wherever.
when a person always think that money is his biggest problem, the money really is not his biggest problem.
biggest problem this person should be is not to learn a plan the money, plan the value-added ideas.
Similarly, if a person is not the cause, but lamented the reason is because there is no money, it really is not because there is no money, but because he thought still in the stage of poverty, not to let themselves become rich in terms of ideology.
from thought to action, starting with the armed themselves ideologically.
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Legend Agassi
Agassi childhood, he said: hard-edged.
20-year-old Masters, the green aspirations
21-year-old boy
1990 defeat of Boris Becker lost to Sampras
1990
living according to figures Agassi
10: Andre Agassi is the only history in three different decades in the top ten players have, in fact, from 1988 to 2005, he was only two years in 1993 and 1997 failed to access to year-end top ten rankings. to end the 16 season, the top ten, which made the history he and Connors, the first tie.
9: nine Masters Series tournament is second only to the high-level four Grand Slam events Agassi won 17 titles, second place ahead of Pete Sampras and Roger Federer's 11. Andre Agassi in the nine won seven races in the crown, the same is a historical first, he did not to win the Monte Carlo and Hamburg Masters two mud. Agassi's first Masters title in Miami in 1990, the year before last was Cincinnati.
8: Andre Agassi won 8 Grand Slam titles, only five players in history of the number of Grand Slam titles over him. This eight titles in the most incredible is He was able to beat the Wimbledon final in 1992, Goran Ivanisevic, the 1999 French Open final, he was behind two sets, to defeat the Medvedev.
7: Andre Agassi's 60 singles title to his singles title in the history of the charts ranked number 7, these 60 titles in 12 countries on five continents to obtain, but his greatest success was in the United States championship in the mm60 41.
6 : In the 60 champions Andre Agassi, was actually up to one-tenth to win the Miami Masters. It is also one of the few Agassi can go beyond the record of his wife, Steffi Graf Miami station second title, the ATP and WTA tournament title was the number of records of the couple to keep.
5: Andre Agassi is the history of access to all four Grand Slam events five singles title of the players, the net long-term Forum in pursuit of success behind Sampras Agassi also like to ask a question: Sampras and Andre Agassi's Grand Slam 14 Grand Slam, which one is the greater miracle?
4 : Andre Agassi in the 1995 season and made two decisions, he shaved his head, and his career debut in the Australian Open. a result, he won the championship, followed by 2000,2001 and 2003, Agassi history at least four times with only four players to obtain one of the Australian Open champion.
3: Andre Agassi, 1990,1992 and 1995, the U.S. team won the Davis Cup three main players, he scored 30 career field after the victory in Davis Cup singles McEnroe's 41 games. in 1991 to 1997, Agassi's Davis Cup record of 15 straight victories is crazy.
2: four Grand Slam with the 1996 Atlanta Olympics men's singles gold medal, so Agassi became only two made the history of the Los Angeles, Agassi in 18 different years are given in the singles champion, is the Open era with this achievement the only one.
1992 Wimbledon against Goran Ivanisevic's 37 aces win
1992 U.S. Open Andre Agassi in the remarkable
and love Brooke Shields ended in divorce, the marriage is Andre Agassi's tennis career hit rock bottom
1995, the bald Agassi won after Classic Australian Open champion Andre Agassi
image
and Michael Chang
headscarf, a shaved head image in the eyes of the world
1996
1996 in French Open men's singles gold medal in Atlanta
Agassi Tennis talented young career
aplomb, a senior tennis journalist quoted the text: can easily attract the audience's attention. He scored a career-first title; and the next year is 18 years old, he let the world see the into the Top 4. the next 3 years is Andre Agassi, into the French Open in 1990 U.S. Open final, while Gomez and fall short of Pete Sampras, respectively lost, but the year-end championship finals, or to give him the honor and strength to adapt the same year he also helped the U.S. team for the first time access to Davis Cup.
1992 became the years of Wimbledon star witness the birth of a generation site, only the 3rd to participate in grass-seeded Agassi, the 12-race all the way, were defeated by two-third Wimbledon champion Boris Becker and John McEnroe, finally met for the grass is almost born cannon Goran Ivanisevic of Croatia, Serve the perfect pick earlier loss of an adverse situation, the final battle to get over 5's first Grand Slam trophy defeating opponents.
So the next thing seems ripe mm1994 won the U.S. Open title in 1995 73 wins and 9 losses won the Australian Open champion, becoming the world's number one; in 1996 became the first Olympic tennis gold medal of Americans get; 1992 and 1995 and twice won the Davis Cup. Just when people thought that Andrew will be smooth sailing He never cause of the peak to trough decline quickly.
Phoenix Nirvana's legendary
not old Agassi in 1997 into a low point in his career, the right wrist tendinitis almost ruined his entire season. Andrew 11 years for the first time in a year did not get any ATP Tour singles title, the annual record of 12 wins and 12 losses only, in October his world ranking dropped to 141. coupled with Brooke Shields - small wire that field ; not normal 28 years old, that Andrew has come back to give surprise, bringing even greater surprise people, an unprecedented achievement, Achievement in French Open final reversal Medvedev After the water, Agassi seems to have brought him fully begin to enjoy the fun of tennis, each beautiful in the game seems to just want to show the action of the sport of tennis charm, the magic wrist encouraged him that it lacks many of the height, forces young people to challenge a powerful enemy to the tennis court, to find themselves .2000 Australian Open champion, the defending Australian Open champion in 2001, three Masters titles in 2002.
Sampras choose to leave the stadium in 2002 because he found himself in the locker room is more like a The life of the opponent, choose to remain in his beloved arena tour because he knows he can get more honor.
then the Australian Open in 2003, his most brilliant writing of a: 33 year-old and won the Cincinnati Masters championship .2005 re-enter the U.S. Open final, eventually losing to Roger Federer is more like the torch ceremony officially handed over to his successor, perhaps it is from this point on Agassi finally decided to start the decommissioning plan.
forever Digital Hollywood actress in the love around whirlpool mm Agassi never missing in the controversy, many people stubbornly believe that Agassi is the one of the stars of philanthropy.
to Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation, named after Las Vegas in 1994, set up to help those consistent children's charity concert - Dion, Robin - Williams and many other stars, to raise the money to more than 11 million U.S. dollars .1997 April set up a children. In 1995 and 2001 election ATP's symbols. compared to Sampras in the near-perfect his appeal even greater, because of his charm was legendary mystery complex. : achievements and Graf Golden Slam
love
public by section 141 to strike back at the world's first love
1992
Agassi has shown signs of the years, 21 years, the U.S. has never been absent, and finally have to say goodbye. When Pete Sampras in obesity and weight-loss plays a game of poker between, when the Courier, Michael Chang went into the Network Society became official, contemporary All the players left early, 36-year-old Andre. Agassi still lonely fight. four Grand Slam plus an Olympic gold medal, 17 Masters titles and 60 ATP tournament titles, should leave no regrets. But, what motivates him, completed in 1999 with the Graf, enjoying the glory of victory. years, he has wealth, a popular but not a Grand Slam title.
Thus, before the start of Wimbledon, Agassi took off his black high shoes, replaced fancy T-shirt, neatly to pasture, he asked his agent to contact her manager, asking whether she could have a meeting. Garcia wants to talk about her religion, Graf Agassi's agent asked him to convey: No, thanks.
If it seems awkward euphemism actually refused to get a career boost Agassi's first title I am afraid that some exaggeration, but it almost is like that. rejected only after an opportunity for Agassi: Wimbledon's practice, after the game ball will arrange champion, won the championship as long as he can justifiably Graf invited to dance, although he did can not dance.
something that is completely in the plan, Graf won 22 Grand Slam in the 11th, followed by Andre Agassi had worked hard to serve five machines finally defeated Goran Ivanisevic, access to personal first career Grand Slam. male and female champions finally meet it! to the dance scene, bearded Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf wearing a white dress, dance? staff, said: dance was canceled. This is the first time Agassi miss Wimbledon tradition, the camera with them (below), but Graf was never even have a chance to speak to him.
1999 year full Grand Slam to January 26, 1999, rubbing shoulders with Australian Open champion Andre Agassi flew back to Las Vegas the first time, ending with Brooke Shields in the marriage relationship. three years, his love, but the business hit rock bottom flowering, cause of a rare improvement, love and a red light. finally, after a divorce coach Gilberto said: eyeful of the lost, He also brought out a picture of his ex-wife that was cut from the magazine, the Brooke Shields she admired a pair of legs. and Agassi, but also hope that the two-legs will deign to come to the balcony. after the day He like a silly high school muddleheadedness as invited friends advice, hire someone to pretend to encounter tracking, set on the large holding roses, carefully worded to leave a message on the card, but Graf is directly moved to the balcony will be spent on the mmm I have a boyfriend luck to him, 7 years ago, or in 1995. As for the men's professional tennis, the last one to get Steffi Graf was worthy. go Wimbledon on the plane, he cut from a barn on the menu, and a field, make birthday cards, carefully curled, tie a ribbon, please Graf's coach forward to help. so sweet, too sweet, and Steffi Graf finally no longer refuse, a month later, in her two days before the end of his career, Agassi finally got with the dinner and later enjoy running on the beach, Graf found the man with imagination is completely different, they have the same hobby: George. Michael, U2 and Prince of the band, they had the same old man is the father of two mmm tennis, boxing and football super fan.
, the Graf flew to Las Vegas to see Andre Agassi's father. Agassi was very nervous, when he and his marriage to Brooke Shields, who was old Dad Mike's strong opposition, Mike even walk away leave their wedding. But Graf straight to go up and hugged Mike, the old man instantly melted.
transformation Mighty Graf this man
embrace, not only melt Mike, but separated in melted glacier between Andre Agassi and his son. When 22-year-old Mike Manuel also called El. Andre Agassi, when his pocket a few dollars to the Olympic boxer from Iran the United States as immigrants. In order to integrate into the mainstream of American society, Mike plays tennis every child training, the last of four children younger son Andre that only a hope.
Andre has extraordinary talent, but endless training to adolescent rebellion, he is full of spirit. deliberately hit the ball to the other teeth, his face painted with the eye liner in the cross, nails left to 1 inch and painted black. once a TV broadcast of the game, He deliberately cast a pink lipstick, his behavior was disturbing everyone around them. But when Agassi stepped into professional tennis, his deviant brought him untold wealth, love of his endorsement of Madison Avenue Canon's advertising the film, Agassi said: Western Canada is very lonely. He went to mentor Reyes dialogue, to find pastors, see a psychiatrist, decorated with neon lights around the streets of Las Vegas, he drove round and round all night, trying to find , loving father, a reliable myself. becomes: This would make his wife proud? Every day he wrote his wife in the kitchen is good, for the marriage, he is full of gratitude. in the two children born, miraculously returned to his career peak, 2000 to 2003, he had three wins Australian Open title. Of course, the children also accelerated his departure, Agassi often the children over his head, and then in his arms, and this increases his back. But in a pair of children's laughter, he finally felt his own childhood.
on the pitch, that was all over the world looking for sympathy Agassi, the audience becomes the U.S. Thanksgiving .2005, Andre Agassi, after the first round of clearance glad to see like a big scene of the first qualifier. look at my game, I can not live up to them. applause. It'sok. Agassi said he had felt the joy from the game.
2002 in Shanghai Masters
2004 17th Cincinnati Masters title
2006 9 U.S. Masterpiece
month he left, I found him in possession of my mind so important. he went home, returned to have two children, a wife, Steffi Graf's home, back to the home without any and tennis-related things, in addition to the total number of the couple received more than thirty of the Grand Slam trophy home, he should be very happy. I have a feeling, Agassi after retirement will bring us new surprises.
20-year-old Masters, the green aspirations
21-year-old boy
1990 defeat of Boris Becker lost to Sampras
1990
living according to figures Agassi
10: Andre Agassi is the only history in three different decades in the top ten players have, in fact, from 1988 to 2005, he was only two years in 1993 and 1997 failed to access to year-end top ten rankings. to end the 16 season, the top ten, which made the history he and Connors, the first tie.
9: nine Masters Series tournament is second only to the high-level four Grand Slam events Agassi won 17 titles, second place ahead of Pete Sampras and Roger Federer's 11. Andre Agassi in the nine won seven races in the crown, the same is a historical first, he did not to win the Monte Carlo and Hamburg Masters two mud. Agassi's first Masters title in Miami in 1990, the year before last was Cincinnati.
8: Andre Agassi won 8 Grand Slam titles, only five players in history of the number of Grand Slam titles over him. This eight titles in the most incredible is He was able to beat the Wimbledon final in 1992, Goran Ivanisevic, the 1999 French Open final, he was behind two sets, to defeat the Medvedev.
7: Andre Agassi's 60 singles title to his singles title in the history of the charts ranked number 7, these 60 titles in 12 countries on five continents to obtain, but his greatest success was in the United States championship in the mm60 41.
6 : In the 60 champions Andre Agassi, was actually up to one-tenth to win the Miami Masters. It is also one of the few Agassi can go beyond the record of his wife, Steffi Graf Miami station second title, the ATP and WTA tournament title was the number of records of the couple to keep.
5: Andre Agassi is the history of access to all four Grand Slam events five singles title of the players, the net long-term Forum in pursuit of success behind Sampras Agassi also like to ask a question: Sampras and Andre Agassi's Grand Slam 14 Grand Slam, which one is the greater miracle?
4 : Andre Agassi in the 1995 season and made two decisions, he shaved his head, and his career debut in the Australian Open. a result, he won the championship, followed by 2000,2001 and 2003, Agassi history at least four times with only four players to obtain one of the Australian Open champion.
3: Andre Agassi, 1990,1992 and 1995, the U.S. team won the Davis Cup three main players, he scored 30 career field after the victory in Davis Cup singles McEnroe's 41 games. in 1991 to 1997, Agassi's Davis Cup record of 15 straight victories is crazy.
2: four Grand Slam with the 1996 Atlanta Olympics men's singles gold medal, so Agassi became only two made the history of the Los Angeles, Agassi in 18 different years are given in the singles champion, is the Open era with this achievement the only one.
1992 Wimbledon against Goran Ivanisevic's 37 aces win
1992 U.S. Open Andre Agassi in the remarkable
and love Brooke Shields ended in divorce, the marriage is Andre Agassi's tennis career hit rock bottom
1995, the bald Agassi won after Classic Australian Open champion Andre Agassi
image
and Michael Chang
headscarf, a shaved head image in the eyes of the world
1996
1996 in French Open men's singles gold medal in Atlanta
Agassi Tennis talented young career
aplomb, a senior tennis journalist quoted the text: can easily attract the audience's attention. He scored a career-first title; and the next year is 18 years old, he let the world see the into the Top 4. the next 3 years is Andre Agassi, into the French Open in 1990 U.S. Open final, while Gomez and fall short of Pete Sampras, respectively lost, but the year-end championship finals, or to give him the honor and strength to adapt the same year he also helped the U.S. team for the first time access to Davis Cup.
1992 became the years of Wimbledon star witness the birth of a generation site, only the 3rd to participate in grass-seeded Agassi, the 12-race all the way, were defeated by two-third Wimbledon champion Boris Becker and John McEnroe, finally met for the grass is almost born cannon Goran Ivanisevic of Croatia, Serve the perfect pick earlier loss of an adverse situation, the final battle to get over 5's first Grand Slam trophy defeating opponents.
So the next thing seems ripe mm1994 won the U.S. Open title in 1995 73 wins and 9 losses won the Australian Open champion, becoming the world's number one; in 1996 became the first Olympic tennis gold medal of Americans get; 1992 and 1995 and twice won the Davis Cup. Just when people thought that Andrew will be smooth sailing He never cause of the peak to trough decline quickly.
Phoenix Nirvana's legendary
not old Agassi in 1997 into a low point in his career, the right wrist tendinitis almost ruined his entire season. Andrew 11 years for the first time in a year did not get any ATP Tour singles title, the annual record of 12 wins and 12 losses only, in October his world ranking dropped to 141. coupled with Brooke Shields - small wire that field ; not normal 28 years old, that Andrew has come back to give surprise, bringing even greater surprise people, an unprecedented achievement, Achievement in French Open final reversal Medvedev After the water, Agassi seems to have brought him fully begin to enjoy the fun of tennis, each beautiful in the game seems to just want to show the action of the sport of tennis charm, the magic wrist encouraged him that it lacks many of the height, forces young people to challenge a powerful enemy to the tennis court, to find themselves .2000 Australian Open champion, the defending Australian Open champion in 2001, three Masters titles in 2002.
Sampras choose to leave the stadium in 2002 because he found himself in the locker room is more like a The life of the opponent, choose to remain in his beloved arena tour because he knows he can get more honor.
then the Australian Open in 2003, his most brilliant writing of a: 33 year-old and won the Cincinnati Masters championship .2005 re-enter the U.S. Open final, eventually losing to Roger Federer is more like the torch ceremony officially handed over to his successor, perhaps it is from this point on Agassi finally decided to start the decommissioning plan.
forever Digital Hollywood actress in the love around whirlpool mm Agassi never missing in the controversy, many people stubbornly believe that Agassi is the one of the stars of philanthropy.
to Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation, named after Las Vegas in 1994, set up to help those consistent children's charity concert - Dion, Robin - Williams and many other stars, to raise the money to more than 11 million U.S. dollars .1997 April set up a children. In 1995 and 2001 election ATP's symbols. compared to Sampras in the near-perfect his appeal even greater, because of his charm was legendary mystery complex. : achievements and Graf Golden Slam
love
public by section 141 to strike back at the world's first love
1992
Agassi has shown signs of the years, 21 years, the U.S. has never been absent, and finally have to say goodbye. When Pete Sampras in obesity and weight-loss plays a game of poker between, when the Courier, Michael Chang went into the Network Society became official, contemporary All the players left early, 36-year-old Andre. Agassi still lonely fight. four Grand Slam plus an Olympic gold medal, 17 Masters titles and 60 ATP tournament titles, should leave no regrets. But, what motivates him, completed in 1999 with the Graf, enjoying the glory of victory. years, he has wealth, a popular but not a Grand Slam title.
Thus, before the start of Wimbledon, Agassi took off his black high shoes, replaced fancy T-shirt, neatly to pasture, he asked his agent to contact her manager, asking whether she could have a meeting. Garcia wants to talk about her religion, Graf Agassi's agent asked him to convey: No, thanks.
If it seems awkward euphemism actually refused to get a career boost Agassi's first title I am afraid that some exaggeration, but it almost is like that. rejected only after an opportunity for Agassi: Wimbledon's practice, after the game ball will arrange champion, won the championship as long as he can justifiably Graf invited to dance, although he did can not dance.
something that is completely in the plan, Graf won 22 Grand Slam in the 11th, followed by Andre Agassi had worked hard to serve five machines finally defeated Goran Ivanisevic, access to personal first career Grand Slam. male and female champions finally meet it! to the dance scene, bearded Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf wearing a white dress, dance? staff, said: dance was canceled. This is the first time Agassi miss Wimbledon tradition, the camera with them (below), but Graf was never even have a chance to speak to him.
1999 year full Grand Slam to January 26, 1999, rubbing shoulders with Australian Open champion Andre Agassi flew back to Las Vegas the first time, ending with Brooke Shields in the marriage relationship. three years, his love, but the business hit rock bottom flowering, cause of a rare improvement, love and a red light. finally, after a divorce coach Gilberto said: eyeful of the lost, He also brought out a picture of his ex-wife that was cut from the magazine, the Brooke Shields she admired a pair of legs. and Agassi, but also hope that the two-legs will deign to come to the balcony. after the day He like a silly high school muddleheadedness as invited friends advice, hire someone to pretend to encounter tracking, set on the large holding roses, carefully worded to leave a message on the card, but Graf is directly moved to the balcony will be spent on the mmm I have a boyfriend luck to him, 7 years ago, or in 1995. As for the men's professional tennis, the last one to get Steffi Graf was worthy. go Wimbledon on the plane, he cut from a barn on the menu, and a field, make birthday cards, carefully curled, tie a ribbon, please Graf's coach forward to help. so sweet, too sweet, and Steffi Graf finally no longer refuse, a month later, in her two days before the end of his career, Agassi finally got with the dinner and later enjoy running on the beach, Graf found the man with imagination is completely different, they have the same hobby: George. Michael, U2 and Prince of the band, they had the same old man is the father of two mmm tennis, boxing and football super fan.
, the Graf flew to Las Vegas to see Andre Agassi's father. Agassi was very nervous, when he and his marriage to Brooke Shields, who was old Dad Mike's strong opposition, Mike even walk away leave their wedding. But Graf straight to go up and hugged Mike, the old man instantly melted.
transformation Mighty Graf this man
embrace, not only melt Mike, but separated in melted glacier between Andre Agassi and his son. When 22-year-old Mike Manuel also called El. Andre Agassi, when his pocket a few dollars to the Olympic boxer from Iran the United States as immigrants. In order to integrate into the mainstream of American society, Mike plays tennis every child training, the last of four children younger son Andre that only a hope.
Andre has extraordinary talent, but endless training to adolescent rebellion, he is full of spirit. deliberately hit the ball to the other teeth, his face painted with the eye liner in the cross, nails left to 1 inch and painted black. once a TV broadcast of the game, He deliberately cast a pink lipstick, his behavior was disturbing everyone around them. But when Agassi stepped into professional tennis, his deviant brought him untold wealth, love of his endorsement of Madison Avenue Canon's advertising the film, Agassi said: Western Canada is very lonely. He went to mentor Reyes dialogue, to find pastors, see a psychiatrist, decorated with neon lights around the streets of Las Vegas, he drove round and round all night, trying to find , loving father, a reliable myself. becomes: This would make his wife proud? Every day he wrote his wife in the kitchen is good, for the marriage, he is full of gratitude. in the two children born, miraculously returned to his career peak, 2000 to 2003, he had three wins Australian Open title. Of course, the children also accelerated his departure, Agassi often the children over his head, and then in his arms, and this increases his back. But in a pair of children's laughter, he finally felt his own childhood.
on the pitch, that was all over the world looking for sympathy Agassi, the audience becomes the U.S. Thanksgiving .2005, Andre Agassi, after the first round of clearance glad to see like a big scene of the first qualifier. look at my game, I can not live up to them. applause. It'sok. Agassi said he had felt the joy from the game.
2002 in Shanghai Masters
2004 17th Cincinnati Masters title
2006 9 U.S. Masterpiece
month he left, I found him in possession of my mind so important. he went home, returned to have two children, a wife, Steffi Graf's home, back to the home without any and tennis-related things, in addition to the total number of the couple received more than thirty of the Grand Slam trophy home, he should be very happy. I have a feeling, Agassi after retirement will bring us new surprises.
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Breakthrough - Xu Haifeng
Breakthrough mm Xu Haifeng, China's men shooter Xu Haifeng
.1957 was born on August 10 in Fujian. Origin and County of Anhui Province. Hours that like to play slingshot, the twice participated in the 1982 shooting in Chaohu, Anhui Province, shooting into the annual training .1982 .1983 was elected to the National Shooting Team Training Team training center shooting team appointed assistant coach and athlete .1983 Asian Shooting Championships in the fifth, was Air Pistol second and third in free pistol. In the same year the Fifth National Games, was free pistol In 1984 runner-up in July at Los Angeles International shooting competition, was awarded to 568 rings free pistol Champion the same year in July the twenty-third in Los Angeles in the Olympic shooting competition, was awarded to 566 rings free pistol gold medal, is the first gold medal winner of the Olympic Games, but also the history of China China won the first Olympic champion . At the 6th session of the Asian Shooting Championships, won air pistol champion In 1986 the Tenth Asian Games in Seoul in a shooting match, the men's free pistol and men's air pistol gold medals (including 660 free pistol ring, world record) , and with teammates, the men free pistol groups and men's air pistol team gold In 1987 World Cup held in Munich, won the runner-up air pistol, free pistol in Seoul In 1988 the third twenty-fourth Olympic Games, to 684.5 by the men's air pistol bronze ring .1983 athlete was awarded the title In 1986 won the title of world-class athletes In 1984 and 1987 by the National Sports Commission twice awarded the Medal of sports in 1984 and 1986 ten years, twice been named the country one of the best players retired from international football In 1995, he served as the national women's pistol shooting team coach groups.
CCP XIII, XIV, fifteen delegates.
Competition results:
1984, at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, held on 23 to 566 rings to obtain the results of the first Olympic champion in men's free pistol champion mm, and has become the first top winner in the Olympic Games athletes.
1988, at the South Korea at the 24th Seoul Olympics, won the men's air pistol military.
1990 years, held in Beijing, China 11th Asian Games, was awarded to 660 men ring individual free pistol 60 shots Champion; and teammates, won the Men's free pistol 60 shots title.
1994 7 months, held in Milan, Italy 46th World Shooting Championships, with teammates cooperation, won the men's 10m air pistol team title.
1994 9 months, held in Hiroshima, Japan, the 12th Asian Games, and teammates, won the men's pistol team title. Honors:
won the Central Communist Youth League awarded the
1985 was awarded the 1984 annual Shooting br> 1999 12 months, received by the Chinese Olympic Committee, Henry Fok Foundation and China Sports Press Association co-sponsored the selection of
.1957 was born on August 10 in Fujian. Origin and County of Anhui Province. Hours that like to play slingshot, the twice participated in the 1982 shooting in Chaohu, Anhui Province, shooting into the annual training .1982 .1983 was elected to the National Shooting Team Training Team training center shooting team appointed assistant coach and athlete .1983 Asian Shooting Championships in the fifth, was Air Pistol second and third in free pistol. In the same year the Fifth National Games, was free pistol In 1984 runner-up in July at Los Angeles International shooting competition, was awarded to 568 rings free pistol Champion the same year in July the twenty-third in Los Angeles in the Olympic shooting competition, was awarded to 566 rings free pistol gold medal, is the first gold medal winner of the Olympic Games, but also the history of China China won the first Olympic champion . At the 6th session of the Asian Shooting Championships, won air pistol champion In 1986 the Tenth Asian Games in Seoul in a shooting match, the men's free pistol and men's air pistol gold medals (including 660 free pistol ring, world record) , and with teammates, the men free pistol groups and men's air pistol team gold In 1987 World Cup held in Munich, won the runner-up air pistol, free pistol in Seoul In 1988 the third twenty-fourth Olympic Games, to 684.5 by the men's air pistol bronze ring .1983 athlete was awarded the title In 1986 won the title of world-class athletes In 1984 and 1987 by the National Sports Commission twice awarded the Medal of sports in 1984 and 1986 ten years, twice been named the country one of the best players retired from international football In 1995, he served as the national women's pistol shooting team coach groups.
CCP XIII, XIV, fifteen delegates.
Competition results:
1984, at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, held on 23 to 566 rings to obtain the results of the first Olympic champion in men's free pistol champion mm, and has become the first top winner in the Olympic Games athletes.
1988, at the South Korea at the 24th Seoul Olympics, won the men's air pistol military.
1990 years, held in Beijing, China 11th Asian Games, was awarded to 660 men ring individual free pistol 60 shots Champion; and teammates, won the Men's free pistol 60 shots title.
1994 7 months, held in Milan, Italy 46th World Shooting Championships, with teammates cooperation, won the men's 10m air pistol team title.
1994 9 months, held in Hiroshima, Japan, the 12th Asian Games, and teammates, won the men's pistol team title. Honors:
won the Central Communist Youth League awarded the
1985 was awarded the 1984 annual Shooting br> 1999 12 months, received by the Chinese Olympic Committee, Henry Fok Foundation and China Sports Press Association co-sponsored the selection of
Monday, December 20, 2010
Paul Cheng pure
A genre, a new literary trends, and the footing can be established, there should be a real artistic innovation. Martial arts as a type of fiction, there is a set of literary conventions and internal norms. Writers based on ;, internal and innovation in the specification. This innovation may be inherited more than ninety percent of the tradition, then by the tradition, to be ten percent or less of the change. But this change that promote the development of this type of fiction, make it in the new context, to survival and development. Chen Pingyuan in the In contrast the traditional background of the case, the innovation can be conceived. formalist study clearly show that while retaining the traditional and the case broke with tradition, each new form the essence of art.
to observe the These works have been shown to new elements.
1, the martial arts version of the contemporary response: Man, Sword and lakes.
landscape after the rivers and lakes. Swordsman arena background is composed of numerous martial arts writer, to spend Numerous efforts established. in Jin Yong's works, rivers and lakes is opposed by the evil double world organized, Evil and the door upright, as the arena of justice, continue to battle the Alliance. Evil in general, is bad , but there are also good, decent roughly the door is good, but there is also a bad guy, the leader of Evil is not a good thing, but there is good understanding of some of the head, the head of the door upright long Abbot of Shaolin Temple Wudang Mountain Road is good, But some chieftains such as Explore before you can get, and Cologne's arena good or evil, has been very light, his actions rivers and lakes is the product of choice knight. In Wen Jui Here, rivers and lakes as a potential strength of the different composition of the organization and a dynamic change in the potential.
continental arena new concept of martial arts writer, is more than three authors here, starting from the formation. constitutes the lakes, are some of the strength of different forces. These forces decency and the famous door Evil of the points, but this difference is not decisive role. their rivers and lakes, as it is by the strength of the different companies formed a republic, the decision arena operating action, a getting rid of, but also the patriotic anti-espionage, there are road see injustice, but to take decisive factor is the interest and the impulse to survive. so this arena is a structured, balanced, strong rivers and lakes, not so with the bipolar nature of Jin Yong, Gu Long that have not unlike intellectual, but also not so blind Wen Jui's rivers and lakes. You can time being to call it by many factors and play a role in the post-mixed rivers and lakes.
small lime works rivers and lakes into the chaos as the Southern Song Dynasty, the lakes have Yuanlao much power on the vested interests of elite government officials organized Yuan Men, a Yi Beijiu organization for the cause of anti-Huai Jin Yijun, a representative of aristocratic orphans boat on the river Jiu Xing class. They each have their own forces, and together, constitute a relative power balance of the lakes made. beyond the Great Wall rangers Luohan an elegant arc of the sword, to maintain the linden my patriotic spirit of this approach may not be retained in that blind patriotism is the concept of the Chivalrous injury). so that the balance is broken rivers and lakes, and rivers and lakes brought new winds of change round.
to work when not cold, order. In this order, the survival of the four families, Yu Ling Tong, fire career and other forces, these forces, or against, or in favor of the next general. Lin Qing Ming and the small string out of the general challenge to break this potential balance, while promoting changes in rivers and lakes have.
of some women, standing on the female point of view, but also rivers and lakes have their own definition. Shen Ying-ying and Tsang's rivers and lakes on the inside, there are Evil and the door upright. but this is Evil and the door upright, has almost lost the moral ability to critique, to some extent, only the arena itself from the need for balance. female leaders, in addition to her own nature can not get rid of the vampire, she's heart and spirit, is a worthy and honest woman Shaoxia attracted to each other. Xiao brush of , Evil the three pillars of the arena. Xiao whisk the door of chivalry emphasized the traditional emphasis on Greenwood's thriving angry, and stressed the Evil ambitions, the three have the potential to reach a balance, an outlaw, a fancy the door of the lady, a love affair that broke the balance and upset the balance of rivers and lakes, this is the meaning of the roots of troubles.
this is a metaphor for urban culture,UGG bailey button, with a strong symbolic. Jin Yong Gu Wen Jui than the rivers and lakes is more complex, delicate, subtle, there are more symbolic, to hit the martial arts in the present context of contemporary China.
Xia is the core of the spirit of freedom beyond. continent a new martial arts writers, the shape of the to the Outlaws of the Marsh to the Republic of chivalric novels to Liang Yusheng's new novels, we see the rivers and lakes knight is the embodiment of justice, sword of the World, Road see injustice, his help, state of distress, to come forward to a friend as good as gold, My Darling Clementine , Jiandanqinxin, compared to the general public, Xia is the comparative advantage and free groups. line Xia behavior, to make the knight on the strong resistance of the weak to help get the object of the meeting, to the spirit sublimation.
to Jin Yong rivers and lakes, the situation had become a little more complicated. Guo Jing met, Jin Yong's novels, there has been growth in the history of chivalrous spirit. Guo Jing finally determined, years on behalf of the spirit of intellectual enlightenment is like the war for national salvation of the fire rescue. and there is similar to Xiao Feng Guo Jing. Xiao Feng clear from the blood on the Who is Chan Ka Lok would be a hero, A Wei Xiaobao, deconstruct this problem out. knight rogue into a sense of obligation. Jin Wei Xiaobao marks the emergence of the world's knight resources, the end of the lost.
Gu Long's knight, wearing robes existentialist, on rivers and lakes through the unknown actions of their choice through the knight, to verify their existence, to achieve freedom beyond By drinking and killing, to ease the tension of their existence. In , like Sisyphus pushing a rock uphill constantly, in the promotion of the process, they view their presence as a knight, the emergence of a happy heart. Wen Jui is on hold through the bloody fighting knight body problem. < br> New Chivalry review the mainland's first batch of works of writers, I found, young martial arts writers, do not shy away from the works of Jin Yong and Gu Long the issues raised. why be sword knight arena? like people who ask Why should we live like this is probably the martial arts writer must face the most important issue. This is the first impetus of the problem novels. aforementioned is Sima Ling, the reason for failing to meet the standards of Jin Yong Gu Long I am afraid because in his works, the absence of the underlying reason why this issue.
small linden contaminated by the Central Plains culture, youth, the simple repair infuriating his legend from beyond the Great Wall closed arsenal mm Wing Sung dynasty the essence of all martial arts. He started in the rainy night in the arc of the sword Station, motivated by the boss to break the Yuan confined to the lakes. Lin Qing Ming to challenge why the generals, but also to break the arena was imprisoned next general situation. Yangming Gang's , but those in the hillside in the plotting of the knight to break the power and will be distorted arena.
to observe the These works have been shown to new elements.
1, the martial arts version of the contemporary response: Man, Sword and lakes.
landscape after the rivers and lakes. Swordsman arena background is composed of numerous martial arts writer, to spend Numerous efforts established. in Jin Yong's works, rivers and lakes is opposed by the evil double world organized, Evil and the door upright, as the arena of justice, continue to battle the Alliance. Evil in general, is bad , but there are also good, decent roughly the door is good, but there is also a bad guy, the leader of Evil is not a good thing, but there is good understanding of some of the head, the head of the door upright long Abbot of Shaolin Temple Wudang Mountain Road is good, But some chieftains such as Explore before you can get, and Cologne's arena good or evil, has been very light, his actions rivers and lakes is the product of choice knight. In Wen Jui Here, rivers and lakes as a potential strength of the different composition of the organization and a dynamic change in the potential.
continental arena new concept of martial arts writer, is more than three authors here, starting from the formation. constitutes the lakes, are some of the strength of different forces. These forces decency and the famous door Evil of the points, but this difference is not decisive role. their rivers and lakes, as it is by the strength of the different companies formed a republic, the decision arena operating action, a getting rid of, but also the patriotic anti-espionage, there are road see injustice, but to take decisive factor is the interest and the impulse to survive. so this arena is a structured, balanced, strong rivers and lakes, not so with the bipolar nature of Jin Yong, Gu Long that have not unlike intellectual, but also not so blind Wen Jui's rivers and lakes. You can time being to call it by many factors and play a role in the post-mixed rivers and lakes.
small lime works rivers and lakes into the chaos as the Southern Song Dynasty, the lakes have Yuanlao much power on the vested interests of elite government officials organized Yuan Men, a Yi Beijiu organization for the cause of anti-Huai Jin Yijun, a representative of aristocratic orphans boat on the river Jiu Xing class. They each have their own forces, and together, constitute a relative power balance of the lakes made. beyond the Great Wall rangers Luohan an elegant arc of the sword, to maintain the linden my patriotic spirit of this approach may not be retained in that blind patriotism is the concept of the Chivalrous injury). so that the balance is broken rivers and lakes, and rivers and lakes brought new winds of change round.
to work when not cold, order. In this order, the survival of the four families, Yu Ling Tong, fire career and other forces, these forces, or against, or in favor of the next general. Lin Qing Ming and the small string out of the general challenge to break this potential balance, while promoting changes in rivers and lakes have.
of some women, standing on the female point of view, but also rivers and lakes have their own definition. Shen Ying-ying and Tsang's rivers and lakes on the inside, there are Evil and the door upright. but this is Evil and the door upright, has almost lost the moral ability to critique, to some extent, only the arena itself from the need for balance. female leaders, in addition to her own nature can not get rid of the vampire, she's heart and spirit, is a worthy and honest woman Shaoxia attracted to each other. Xiao brush of , Evil the three pillars of the arena. Xiao whisk the door of chivalry emphasized the traditional emphasis on Greenwood's thriving angry, and stressed the Evil ambitions, the three have the potential to reach a balance, an outlaw, a fancy the door of the lady, a love affair that broke the balance and upset the balance of rivers and lakes, this is the meaning of the roots of troubles.
this is a metaphor for urban culture,UGG bailey button, with a strong symbolic. Jin Yong Gu Wen Jui than the rivers and lakes is more complex, delicate, subtle, there are more symbolic, to hit the martial arts in the present context of contemporary China.
Xia is the core of the spirit of freedom beyond. continent a new martial arts writers, the shape of the to the Outlaws of the Marsh to the Republic of chivalric novels to Liang Yusheng's new novels, we see the rivers and lakes knight is the embodiment of justice, sword of the World, Road see injustice, his help, state of distress, to come forward to a friend as good as gold, My Darling Clementine , Jiandanqinxin, compared to the general public, Xia is the comparative advantage and free groups. line Xia behavior, to make the knight on the strong resistance of the weak to help get the object of the meeting, to the spirit sublimation.
to Jin Yong rivers and lakes, the situation had become a little more complicated. Guo Jing met, Jin Yong's novels, there has been growth in the history of chivalrous spirit. Guo Jing finally determined, years on behalf of the spirit of intellectual enlightenment is like the war for national salvation of the fire rescue. and there is similar to Xiao Feng Guo Jing. Xiao Feng clear from the blood on the Who is Chan Ka Lok would be a hero, A Wei Xiaobao, deconstruct this problem out. knight rogue into a sense of obligation. Jin Wei Xiaobao marks the emergence of the world's knight resources, the end of the lost.
Gu Long's knight, wearing robes existentialist, on rivers and lakes through the unknown actions of their choice through the knight, to verify their existence, to achieve freedom beyond By drinking and killing, to ease the tension of their existence. In , like Sisyphus pushing a rock uphill constantly, in the promotion of the process, they view their presence as a knight, the emergence of a happy heart. Wen Jui is on hold through the bloody fighting knight body problem. < br> New Chivalry review the mainland's first batch of works of writers, I found, young martial arts writers, do not shy away from the works of Jin Yong and Gu Long the issues raised. why be sword knight arena? like people who ask Why should we live like this is probably the martial arts writer must face the most important issue. This is the first impetus of the problem novels. aforementioned is Sima Ling, the reason for failing to meet the standards of Jin Yong Gu Long I am afraid because in his works, the absence of the underlying reason why this issue.
small linden contaminated by the Central Plains culture, youth, the simple repair infuriating his legend from beyond the Great Wall closed arsenal mm Wing Sung dynasty the essence of all martial arts. He started in the rainy night in the arc of the sword Station, motivated by the boss to break the Yuan confined to the lakes. Lin Qing Ming to challenge why the generals, but also to break the arena was imprisoned next general situation. Yangming Gang's , but those in the hillside in the plotting of the knight to break the power and will be distorted arena.
Sunday, December 19, 2010
When walking into an aesthetic
One thing I do not want to put eight children as a positive thing shop and go, mm although sometimes I understand that this is indeed a positive thing eight children.
I used unknowingly has been a lot of people seem to eight children things are done quietly, once I told myself in my heart this is a positive thing eight children, I will be in my heart the old thinking about it, I can not help to to stress, strain to my tired, others are very tired looking.
that day, when I wear special clothes, put on a special sports shoes, going to a special line of activity on foot Yi, I to understand it as I have eight children something positive to do. from the start of Fountain, has been to Jade Spring Lake, 25 kilometers, more than 500 adults and children, from the beginning I was like junior high participate in school sports when the 400-meter relay, like, a little excited, a little nervous, even thought he would not be the first to reach the terminal, will have reached the end of a bouquet of flowers waiting for their own. so, imagined began to walk, finally start the beginning is a bit sore ankle, and then a small calf a little bit up, coming almost at the end of my heart with my legs dragging walk, and then I finally reached the end, neither was the first to arrive, but also not the last one to arrive, of course, no medals, but no flowers, but added that a free bottle of waiting for his pulse.
face Yuquan Lake water, I can not remember what time to change the name Bayi Reservoir Jade Spring Lake, just like I can not remember when I started to walk the eight children as a positive thing to do. I wanted to up my mother told me when she was young, the rural areas is still quite a lack of recreational activities that time to see a movie, it seems that the men than it is now also busy watching the World Cup. sometimes placed around the village, the film, they are the same age will end up with people to see, there are twenty miles away to it, a group of moonlight off the little girl to Couzhe, go mountain to cross paths, and sometimes even around the cemetery; such films finally done and is already a thing about eleven o'clock at night, walk mountain In another path, and then around the cemetery, is already home almost midnight, but not the meaning of hardship, but also thinking about a shot of a movie or a character. Sishili back and forth to, just to see a movie, but also at night, when the estimate has not Many do not go down by patrolling the car. no stamina, 25 km away you do not insist on the end, it sometimes has nothing to do with your physical strength, because I saw many ordinary women and children looked fragile, but also for the elderly to adhere to the end Instead, some looked very strong man who sat in the comfortable car roaring past. I can hardly walk at the time, a Father to more than I have legs, but also back to me: To Come! people who have insist perseverance.
in high school, I sometimes like riding a bike home from school, the county seat, 80 in the land, but also the way Singapore, for now I still do not ;
college entrance examinations, I would have excited the students to discuss and a good Tibet Nationalities Institute are reported after graduation to go to support Tibet, but upon the end of it I think if I went to Tibet, I would stay away from my parents, away from my family, but also away from my friends, even away from the oxygen, I suddenly felt very weak, and very no lofty ambitions, the moment I am at the crossroads of destiny chose to surrender. because I had to talk about Tibet agitation and away I went classmates. idea out of my last pack on him to travel so far only one person. often to visit relatives back home from Tibet He always brought this matter as a joke, I always feel that time is not the will of the deserters. I can insist that students from small, went to high school, when his work on construction sites. the very beginning, people see him a student do not want to move him, and he said I should try it, to throw off the sleeve of the afternoon did a long time, moving bricks, transport of cement, was the next to take everything, so call it a day when the foreman to you tomorrow Come on. Next, he used money to do unskilled laborer, his bicycle, riding from Xingtai been to Wuhan, looked at the Yangtze River, and then ride back to the middle of the camped Needless to say, is that such a determination have to let people know admire.
In this regard, I more than once in the dead of night to analyze their own, just like with a knife, a piece of themselves from head to toe to look into that piece of land, In this analysis, I also seem to slow some things you can do persist, and even in the most difficult time, nor ever give up. After graduating from university to employment in this issue, and I have at home produced a fierce conflict, the specific I do not want to say. I just want to tell myself that one moment I almost resisted the pressure from a family, although up to now, no one can clearly tell I was The persistence to be correct, I can not quite determine the answer to his insistence that certainly is no error, no regrets direction, but there are times in life can make you so insistent on the opportunity? have the opportunity to choose give up, even if successful, would leave a lot of regrets in life, right? many cases, we may just be on from the success of the distance a little bit, but is this little bit of distance so that we distinguish the different life. I was in college when the process was the director of the Department of Chinese fine cotton teacher often tells us: > 25 km on foot Yi-line, the road team to pull out slowly, perhaps walking in the front was near the finish line, falls well behind the Shiji Li distance to go. I walk in the middle, looking at the long team, I suddenly thought in ancient times people do not like car and train a modern transport, to long walk, some can take a boat, a little horse riding, and some can Zuojiao, but many people need to rely on their own steps to solve them a little bit? some time, the ancient Chinese imperial attracted me. not that I was interested in imperial examination system, I am interested only in a time of year, people are reading exam to Beijing from all over the country as a scene. no cars, no trains, no planes, each of the land of China Official Road or a country lane, one study of people carrying books, carries a dream, towards the capital gathered from various places, what then is how a scene, a state of mind? in this long road, there will be a lot of story, right? is not met someone in the middle of like-minded friends? is not someone will encounter in the middle of the woman of his life? is not someone in the middle sick, the souls do die abroad ghost tour? when I was young, the family would tell me a story, said to be a scholar to Beijing exam, passing through a nunnery, just the sky rain, scholar and ill a nun to take care of him, and then they love each other, yet in the end do not know how, maybe do not get in the way of an old nun, the scholar is now being poisoned in a nunnery in this. until the scholar and nun born son in the champion, in the year buried in the nunnery where his father, facing his own father's bones were black, and finally crying, the truth also in white, and sorry my little heart is, but also happy. adult story much, always tell a story several times, each repeat once again the story, I will then sad and happy time; and that is, at that time, I exam the student that to happen to Beijing a strong interest in, and sometimes small partners in and play, would think of such a class thing.
I also saw several of our reporters went to Beijing to promote the Olympic certain way on foot for a Class News reported that a young man on foot passing a Henan Xingtai, our reporters asked what the original 512 on foot to Beijing to promote Valentine's Day. modern society, what kind of transport do not? them these acts are not many of us can understand Sometimes I do not really understand, but one thing I believe is that they are people who can insist that, just as Xuanzang to Tianzhu, they all have people we normally do not have extraordinary perseverance. This alone was enough for us to admire them a written vote.
last time I go home, some of them tell me, when people go to support the repair of Haihe River are all pushing the row of carts, with their own tools to go, let alone a car, not even a bicycle, that is, relying on two legs went rigid. Now many of us have a private car, even without private cars, the road is a little far point to find vehicles in the past , the top cyclists in the past few have, that we are less and less walking, you want to walk, but also held a special event can be done, and even become a luxury. Slowly, I want to walk Maybe it will be a work of art. I have seen a future look like imaginary map of human limbs are severely degraded, leaving only a thin neck and wore a huge head, explained that it was getting too lazy to human hands, and Effects of brain evolution must be diligent. do not know that time, people still do not have to walk with, is not want to go, his mind a thought, a button to press? estimate the time, people do not walk, right?
that when walking may actually become an art aesthetic. walk is beautiful. such a beautiful part of life could have been, as my mother walking back and forth when they are young, 40 years to catch a movie. only when the walking slowly into an art aesthetic, I do not know that our human evolution, or do nothing degradation? However, perhaps when we are not called the lost stamina, called things to hold.
I used unknowingly has been a lot of people seem to eight children things are done quietly, once I told myself in my heart this is a positive thing eight children, I will be in my heart the old thinking about it, I can not help to to stress, strain to my tired, others are very tired looking.
that day, when I wear special clothes, put on a special sports shoes, going to a special line of activity on foot Yi, I to understand it as I have eight children something positive to do. from the start of Fountain, has been to Jade Spring Lake, 25 kilometers, more than 500 adults and children, from the beginning I was like junior high participate in school sports when the 400-meter relay, like, a little excited, a little nervous, even thought he would not be the first to reach the terminal, will have reached the end of a bouquet of flowers waiting for their own. so, imagined began to walk, finally start the beginning is a bit sore ankle, and then a small calf a little bit up, coming almost at the end of my heart with my legs dragging walk, and then I finally reached the end, neither was the first to arrive, but also not the last one to arrive, of course, no medals, but no flowers, but added that a free bottle of waiting for his pulse.
face Yuquan Lake water, I can not remember what time to change the name Bayi Reservoir Jade Spring Lake, just like I can not remember when I started to walk the eight children as a positive thing to do. I wanted to up my mother told me when she was young, the rural areas is still quite a lack of recreational activities that time to see a movie, it seems that the men than it is now also busy watching the World Cup. sometimes placed around the village, the film, they are the same age will end up with people to see, there are twenty miles away to it, a group of moonlight off the little girl to Couzhe, go mountain to cross paths, and sometimes even around the cemetery; such films finally done and is already a thing about eleven o'clock at night, walk mountain In another path, and then around the cemetery, is already home almost midnight, but not the meaning of hardship, but also thinking about a shot of a movie or a character. Sishili back and forth to, just to see a movie, but also at night, when the estimate has not Many do not go down by patrolling the car. no stamina, 25 km away you do not insist on the end, it sometimes has nothing to do with your physical strength, because I saw many ordinary women and children looked fragile, but also for the elderly to adhere to the end Instead, some looked very strong man who sat in the comfortable car roaring past. I can hardly walk at the time, a Father to more than I have legs, but also back to me: To Come! people who have insist perseverance.
in high school, I sometimes like riding a bike home from school, the county seat, 80 in the land, but also the way Singapore, for now I still do not ;
college entrance examinations, I would have excited the students to discuss and a good Tibet Nationalities Institute are reported after graduation to go to support Tibet, but upon the end of it I think if I went to Tibet, I would stay away from my parents, away from my family, but also away from my friends, even away from the oxygen, I suddenly felt very weak, and very no lofty ambitions, the moment I am at the crossroads of destiny chose to surrender. because I had to talk about Tibet agitation and away I went classmates. idea out of my last pack on him to travel so far only one person. often to visit relatives back home from Tibet He always brought this matter as a joke, I always feel that time is not the will of the deserters. I can insist that students from small, went to high school, when his work on construction sites. the very beginning, people see him a student do not want to move him, and he said I should try it, to throw off the sleeve of the afternoon did a long time, moving bricks, transport of cement, was the next to take everything, so call it a day when the foreman to you tomorrow Come on. Next, he used money to do unskilled laborer, his bicycle, riding from Xingtai been to Wuhan, looked at the Yangtze River, and then ride back to the middle of the camped Needless to say, is that such a determination have to let people know admire.
In this regard, I more than once in the dead of night to analyze their own, just like with a knife, a piece of themselves from head to toe to look into that piece of land, In this analysis, I also seem to slow some things you can do persist, and even in the most difficult time, nor ever give up. After graduating from university to employment in this issue, and I have at home produced a fierce conflict, the specific I do not want to say. I just want to tell myself that one moment I almost resisted the pressure from a family, although up to now, no one can clearly tell I was The persistence to be correct, I can not quite determine the answer to his insistence that certainly is no error, no regrets direction, but there are times in life can make you so insistent on the opportunity? have the opportunity to choose give up, even if successful, would leave a lot of regrets in life, right? many cases, we may just be on from the success of the distance a little bit, but is this little bit of distance so that we distinguish the different life. I was in college when the process was the director of the Department of Chinese fine cotton teacher often tells us: > 25 km on foot Yi-line, the road team to pull out slowly, perhaps walking in the front was near the finish line, falls well behind the Shiji Li distance to go. I walk in the middle, looking at the long team, I suddenly thought in ancient times people do not like car and train a modern transport, to long walk, some can take a boat, a little horse riding, and some can Zuojiao, but many people need to rely on their own steps to solve them a little bit? some time, the ancient Chinese imperial attracted me. not that I was interested in imperial examination system, I am interested only in a time of year, people are reading exam to Beijing from all over the country as a scene. no cars, no trains, no planes, each of the land of China Official Road or a country lane, one study of people carrying books, carries a dream, towards the capital gathered from various places, what then is how a scene, a state of mind? in this long road, there will be a lot of story, right? is not met someone in the middle of like-minded friends? is not someone will encounter in the middle of the woman of his life? is not someone in the middle sick, the souls do die abroad ghost tour? when I was young, the family would tell me a story, said to be a scholar to Beijing exam, passing through a nunnery, just the sky rain, scholar and ill a nun to take care of him, and then they love each other, yet in the end do not know how, maybe do not get in the way of an old nun, the scholar is now being poisoned in a nunnery in this. until the scholar and nun born son in the champion, in the year buried in the nunnery where his father, facing his own father's bones were black, and finally crying, the truth also in white, and sorry my little heart is, but also happy. adult story much, always tell a story several times, each repeat once again the story, I will then sad and happy time; and that is, at that time, I exam the student that to happen to Beijing a strong interest in, and sometimes small partners in and play, would think of such a class thing.
I also saw several of our reporters went to Beijing to promote the Olympic certain way on foot for a Class News reported that a young man on foot passing a Henan Xingtai, our reporters asked what the original 512 on foot to Beijing to promote Valentine's Day. modern society, what kind of transport do not? them these acts are not many of us can understand Sometimes I do not really understand, but one thing I believe is that they are people who can insist that, just as Xuanzang to Tianzhu, they all have people we normally do not have extraordinary perseverance. This alone was enough for us to admire them a written vote.
last time I go home, some of them tell me, when people go to support the repair of Haihe River are all pushing the row of carts, with their own tools to go, let alone a car, not even a bicycle, that is, relying on two legs went rigid. Now many of us have a private car, even without private cars, the road is a little far point to find vehicles in the past , the top cyclists in the past few have, that we are less and less walking, you want to walk, but also held a special event can be done, and even become a luxury. Slowly, I want to walk Maybe it will be a work of art. I have seen a future look like imaginary map of human limbs are severely degraded, leaving only a thin neck and wore a huge head, explained that it was getting too lazy to human hands, and Effects of brain evolution must be diligent. do not know that time, people still do not have to walk with, is not want to go, his mind a thought, a button to press? estimate the time, people do not walk, right?
that when walking may actually become an art aesthetic. walk is beautiful. such a beautiful part of life could have been, as my mother walking back and forth when they are young, 40 years to catch a movie. only when the walking slowly into an art aesthetic, I do not know that our human evolution, or do nothing degradation? However, perhaps when we are not called the lost stamina, called things to hold.
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